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Bee learning and communication includes cognitive and sensory processes in all kinds of bees, that is the insects in the seven families making up the clade Anthophila. Some species have been studied more extensively than others, in particular Apis mellifera , or European honey bee.
Certain behaviors are known from members of the Apinae that are rarely seen in other bees, including the habit of males forming "sleeping aggregations" on vegetation - several males gathering on a single plant in the evening, grasping a plant with their jaws and resting there through the night (sometimes held in place only by the jaws, with the legs dangling free in space).
Alarm pheromones are released when a bee stings another animal to attract and entice other bees to attack. Smoke suppresses the effect of alarm pheromones, which is exploited by beekeepers. [69] The other alarm pheromone of the honey bee contains mainly 2-Heptanone, another volatile substance released by the mandibular glands. [70]
For example, the Scarabaeidae have lamellate antennae that can be folded tightly for safety or spread openly for detecting odours or pheromones. The insect manages such actions by changes in blood pressure, by which it exploits elasticity in walls and membranes in the funicles, which are in effect erectile.
Barbed. Kills bee; [g] continues pumping. Smooth; can repeat. Retracts. Sting Pain [3] 2 2 1.5–3 depending on species 2 (Vespula pensylvanica) 2 2.x 4.0+ [4] [failed verification] Lights Not attracted to lights at night unless nest is disturbed, or light is placed near hive, or bee is sick. [5] Attracted to lights at night [6] [7] Lives in
For example, the bee is presented with an odor (CS) and an application of the sugar (US) solution to its antennae, upon which she reflexively extends her proboscis. In some variations, the bee is immediately fed with sugar at this point; this constitutes an operant reinforcement which would tend to establish the odor as a discriminative stimulus.
The other bees take in the information by keeping in close contact with the dancing bee and reconstructing its movements. They also receive information via their sense of smell about what is to be found at the food source (type of food, pollen, propolis, water) as well as its specific characteristics. The orientation functions so well that the ...
The worker bee's stinger is a complex organ that allows a bee to defend itself and the hive from most mammals. [25] Bee stings against mammals and birds typically leave the stinger embedded in the victim due to the structure of flesh and the stinger's barbs. In this case, the venom bulb stays with the stinger and continues to pump.