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Osman I or Osman Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: عثمان غازى, romanized: ʿOsmān Ġāzī; Turkish: I. Osman or Osman Gazi; died 1323/4) [1] [3] [a] was the eponymous founder of the Ottoman Empire (first known as a beylik or emirate).
Ghazi was also used as a title of honor in the Ottoman Empire, generally translated as the Victorious, for military officers of high rank, who distinguished themselves in the field against non-Moslem enemies; thus it was conferred on Osman Pasha after his famous defence of Plevna in Bulgaria [14] and on Mustafa Kemal Pasha (later known as ...
The Ghaza or Ghazi thesis (from Ottoman Turkish: غزا, ġazā, "holy war", or simply "raid") [nb 1] is a since discredited historical paradigm first formulated by Paul Wittek which has been used to interpret the nature of the Ottoman Empire during the earliest period of its history, the fourteenth century, [2] and its subsequent history.
Ottoman Imperial Standard Family tree Ottoman Empire in 1683, at the height of its territorial expansion in Europe. The sultans of the Ottoman Empire (Turkish: Osmanlı padişahları), who were all members of the Ottoman dynasty (House of Osman), ruled over the transcontinental empire from its perceived inception in 1299 to its dissolution in 1922.
Orhan Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: اورخان غازی; Turkish: Orhan Gazi, also spelled Orkhan; died 1362) was the second sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1323/4 to 1362. He was born in Söğüt, as the son of Osman I. In the early stages of his reign, Orhan focused his energies on conquering most of northwestern Anatolia.
Ertuğrul or Ertuğrul Ghazi (Ottoman Turkish: ارطغرل, romanized: Erṭoġrıl; Turkmen: Ärtogrul Gazy; died c. 1280/1281) [8] was a 13th-century uch bey (marcher-lord), who was the father of Osman I. [9] Little is known about Ertuğrul's life.
The Ottoman Empire was the first of the three Islamic Gunpowder Empires, followed by Safavid Persia and Mughal India. By the 14th century, the Ottomans had adopted gunpowder artillery . [ 2 ] By the time of Sultan Mehmed II , they had been drilled with firearms and became "perhaps the first standing infantry force equipped with firearms in the ...
Paul Wittek (11 January 1894 – 13 June 1978) was an Austrian Orientalist and historian. His 1938 thesis on the rise of the Ottoman Empire, known as the ghazi thesis, argues that the driving force behind Ottoman state-building was the expansion of Islam.