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Mycobacterium marinum is an acid-fast, aerobic bacterium which can infect humans. [4] Infection is usually associated either with swimming, preparing sea food, or with keeping or working with aquarium fish. [2] Infections of humans are rare due to the chlorination of water. [4]
Skeletal remains show some prehistoric humans (4000 BC) had TB, and researchers have found tubercular decay in the spines of Egyptian mummies dating from 3000 to 2400 BC. [18] Genetic studies suggest the presence of TB in the Americas from about AD 100. [19] Before the Industrial Revolution, folklore often associated tuberculosis with vampires ...
M. tuberculosis in the lungs, showing large cavities the bacteria have dissolved. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb), also known as Koch's bacillus, is a species of pathogenic bacteria in the family Mycobacteriaceae and the causative agent of tuberculosis.
Ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP), also known as ciguatera, is a foodborne illness caused by eating reef fish contaminated with ciguatoxins. [ 4 ] [ 2 ] Such individual fish are said to be ciguatoxic . Symptoms may include diarrhea , vomiting, numbness, itchiness, sensitivity to hot and cold, dizziness , and weakness.
Mycobacterium bovis is a slow-growing (16- to 20-hour generation time) aerobic bacterium and the causative agent of tuberculosis in cattle (known as bovine TB). It is related to Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the bacterium which causes tuberculosis in humans.
Even if researchers theorise that humans first acquired it in Africa about 5,000 years ago, [1] there is evidence that the first tuberculosis infection happened about 9,000 years ago. [2] Tuberculosis (TB) spread to other humans along trade routes. It also spread to domesticated animals in Africa, such as goats and cows.
Humans are thought to be more at risk of anisakiasis from eating wild fish rather than farmed fish. [citation needed] Many countries require all types of fish with potential risk intended for raw consumption to be previously frozen to kill parasites. The mandate to freeze herring in the Netherlands has virtually eliminated human anisakiasis in ...
Human disease is believed to be acquired from environmental exposures. Unlike tuberculosis and leprosy, animal-to-human or human-to-human transmission of NTM rarely occurs. [9] NTM diseases have been seen in most industrialized countries, where incidence rates vary from 1.0 to 1.8 cases per 100,000 persons.