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Adenosine (symbol A) is an ... When given to dilate the arteries, such as in a "stress test", the dosage is typically 0.14 mg/kg/min, administered for 4 or 6 minutes ...
Overall, adenosine decreases the heart’s rate and force of contraction, which increases blood supply to the cardiac muscle. Given specific circumstances this mechanism (which is intended to protect the heart) may cause atropine-resistant refractory bradyasystole. [3] Adenosine's effects are concentration-dependent.
Caffeine is usually held 24 hours prior to an adenosine stress test, as it is a competitive antagonist of the A2A adenosine receptor and can attenuate the vasodilatory effects adenosine. [citation needed] Aminophylline may be used to attenuate severe and/or persistent adverse reactions to adenosine and regadenoson. [39]
This occurs by blocking the nucleoside transporter (ENT1) through which adenosine enters erythrocyte and endothelial cells. [ 12 ] According to Association of Anaesthetists of Great Britain and Ireland 2016 guidelines, dipyridamole is considered to not cause risk of bleeding when receiving neuroaxial anaesthesia and deep nerve blocks.
Amisulpride is approved and used at low doses in the treatment of dysthymia and major depressive disorder. [10] [20] [11] [21] [22] [23] Whereas typical doses used in schizophrenia block postsynaptic dopamine D 2-like receptors and reduce dopaminergic neurotransmission, low doses of amisulpride preferentially block presynaptic dopamine D 2 and D 3 autoreceptors and thereby disinhibit dopamine ...
Regadenoson, sold under the brand name Lexiscan among others, is an A 2A adenosine receptor agonist that is a coronary vasodilator that is commonly used in pharmacologic stress testing. It produces hyperemia quickly and maintains it for a duration that is useful for radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging . [ 1 ]
Theophylline, also known as 1,3-dimethylxanthine, is a drug that inhibits phosphodiesterase and blocks adenosine receptors. [1] It is used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. [2] Its pharmacology is similar to other methylxanthine drugs (e.g., theobromine and caffeine). [1]
Intraosseous access is indicated in emergency situations, such as when a person experiences some type of major trauma like shock, cardiac arrest, severe dehydration, [8] or severe gastrointestinal hemorrhage. [9] IO access can provide the quickest way to rapidly infuse needed medications and fluids in an emergency situation. [8]