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The causes of schizophrenia that underlie the development of schizophrenia, a psychiatric disorder, are complex and not clearly understood.A number of hypotheses including the dopamine hypothesis, and the glutamate hypothesis have been put forward in an attempt to explain the link between altered brain function and the symptoms and development of schizophrenia.
The causes of schizophrenia may include genetic and environmental factors. [7] Genetic factors include a variety of common and rare genetic variants . [ 21 ] Possible environmental factors include being raised in a city , childhood adversity, cannabis use during adolescence, infections, the age of a person's mother or father , and poor ...
In alternative medicine, some practitioners believe that there is a vast number of physical causes for the diagnosis of schizophrenia. [196] While some of these explanations may stretch credulity, others (such as heavy metal poisoning and nutritional imbalances) have been supported at least somewhat by research. [47] [197] [198]
The management of schizophrenia usually involves many aspects including psychological, pharmacological, social, educational, and employment-related interventions directed to recovery, and reducing the impact of schizophrenia on quality of life, social functioning, and longevity.
The glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia models the subset of pathologic mechanisms of schizophrenia linked to glutamatergic signaling. The hypothesis was initially based on a set of clinical, neuropathological, and, later, genetic findings pointing at a hypofunction of glutamatergic signaling via NMDA receptors .
Schizophrenia is a debilitating and often misunderstood disorder that affects up to 1% of the world's population. [1] Although schizophrenia is a heavily studied disorder, it has remained largely impervious to scientific understanding; epigenetics offers a new avenue for research, understanding, and treatment.
Other causes include: trauma, sleep deprivation, some medical conditions, certain medications, and drugs such as alcohol, cannabis, hallucinogens, and stimulants. [7] One type, known as postpartum psychosis, can occur after giving birth. [8] The neurotransmitter dopamine is believed to play an important role.
People with schizophrenia are at a higher than average risk of physical ill health, and earlier death than the general population. [1] [2] [3] The fatal conditions include cardiovascular, respiratory and metabolic disorders. [4]
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