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An ecosystem can be directly or indirectly dependent, [7] as well as have a variation in groundwater use throughout the seasons. [1] There are a variety of methods for classifying types of groundwater-dependent ecosystems either by their geomorphological setting and/or by their respective groundwater flow mechanism (deep or shallow). [6]
Lake Gnangara is fed by ground water of the Gnangara Mound. The Gnangara Mound is an area north of Perth, Western Australia where a large mound of sandy soil reaches an elevation of about 60 metres (200 ft). It stores about 20 cubic kilometres (710 billion cubic feet) of fresh water, about one hundred times Perth's current annual water usage.
The basin underlies 22% of the Australian continent, [3] including most of Queensland, the south-east corner of the Northern Territory, north-eastern South Australia, and northern New South Wales. It is 3000 metres (9800 feet) deep in places and is estimated to contain 64,900 cubic kilometres (15,600 cubic miles) of groundwater. [4]
Groundwater is water that is found underground in cracks and spaces in the soil, sand and rocks. Where water has filled these spaces is the phreatic (also called) saturated zone. Groundwater is stored in and moves slowly (compared to surface runoff in temperate conditions and watercourses) through layers or zones of soil, sand and rocks: aquifers.
While there is the potential for expanded groundwater use, because so little is known about groundwater-dependent water bodies and ecosystems any expanded groundwater use is suspended. [18] Dependent ecosystems include freshwater and estuarine wetlands, mangrove and paperbark communities, and surface-water fauna.
Surface runoff (also known as overland flow or terrestrial runoff) is the unconfined flow of water over the ground surface, in contrast to channel runoff (or stream flow).It occurs when excess rainwater, stormwater, meltwater, or other sources, can no longer sufficiently rapidly infiltrate in the soil.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 15 January 2025. Water located beneath the ground surface An illustration showing groundwater in aquifers (in blue) (1, 5 and 6) below the water table (4), and three different wells (7, 8 and 9) dug to reach it. Groundwater is the water present beneath Earth's surface in rock and soil pore spaces and in ...
This article deals with surface water rather than groundwater basins, such as the Great Artesian Basin. Australia has twelve distinguished NCB Level 1 drainage divisions [ 1 ] or thirteen [ 2 ] after splitting the South East Coast division at the New South Wales – Victoria border as defined by the Australian Water Resources Assessment 2012, a ...