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Pope Paul III Farnese had four illegitimate children and made his illegitimate son Pier Luigi Farnese the first duke of Parma. This is a list of sexually active popes, Catholic priests who were not celibate before they became pope, and those who were legally married before becoming pope. Some candidates were allegedly sexually active before their election as pope, and others were thought to ...
A history of the popes, 1830–1914 (Oxford UP, 1998), scholarly online; Collins, Roger (2009). Keepers of the Keys: A History of the Papacy. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-01195-7. Coppa, Frank J. The Papacy in the Modern World: A Political History (2014) online review; Coppa, Frank J. ed. The great popes through history: an encyclopedia (2 vol ...
Otto IV, Holy Roman Emperor was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III in 1210 after he had invaded and taken over lands belonging to the Papal States as well as invading the Kingdom of Sicily that was under the Pope's suzerainty. [46] Alfonso IX of León, King of Leon and Galicia, was excommunicated by Pope Innocent III for marrying a near ...
The sacrifice of married life is for the "sake of the Kingdom" (Luke 18:28–30, [11] Matthew 19:27–30), [12] and to follow the example of Jesus Christ in being "married" to the church, viewed by Catholicism and many Christian traditions as the "Bride of Christ" (following Ephesians 5:25–33 [13] and Revelation 21:9, [14] together with the ...
The influence of this Italian collection grew enormously during the seventh and eighth centuries, especially in England and France. It was continuously enlarged and modified, the most famous modification being a version supposedly send by Pope Adrian I to Charlemagne in 774 and therefore known today as the Collectio Dionysio-Hadriana.
In 1963, Pope John XXIII established a commission of six European non-theologians to study questions of birth control and population. [1] [2] Neither John XXIII nor Paul VI wanted the almost three thousand bishops and other clerics then in Rome for Vatican II to address the birth control issue even though many of these bishops expressed their desire to bring this pressing pastoral issue before ...
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The niece of the pope was married to the future Henry II of France (1533). Recognized the Order of Friars Minor Capuchin (Capuchins). 220: 13 October 1534 – 10 November 1549 (15 years, 28 days) Paul III PAVLVS Tertius: Alessandro Farnese: 29 February 1468 Canino, Lazio, Papal States 66 / 81 Subject and later the sovereign of the Papal States.