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The ankle jerk reflex, also known as the Achilles reflex, occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped while the foot is dorsiflexed.It is a type of stretch reflex that tests the function of the gastrocnemius muscle and the nerve that supplies it.
The gastrocnemius muscle is prone to spasms, which are painful, involuntary contractions of the muscle that may last several minutes. [5] A severe ankle dorsiflexion force may result in a Medial Gastrocnemius Strain (MGS) injury of the muscle, commonly referred to as a "torn" or "strained" calf muscle, which is acutely painful and disabling. [6]
Finkelstein's test was described by Harry Finkelstein (1865–1939), an American surgeon, in 1930. [5]A similar test was previously described by Eichhoff, in which the thumb is placed in the palm of the hand and held with the fingers, and the hand is then ulnar deviated (see images), causing intense pain over the radial styloid which disappears if the thumb is released.
Patrick's test at Who Named It? external rotation of the hip causes pain Peabody's sign: C.N. Peabody: internal medicine: deep vein thrombosis: calf muscle spasm when raising the affected leg with the foot extended Pemberton's sign: Hugh Pemberton: thoracic surgery: retrosternal mass with superior vena cava syndrome
Recent research has indicated that while the test is an accurate detector of achilles rupture, it is unable to distinguish between partial tear (tear of the gastrocnemius or soleal portion only) and a complete tear of both portions. [4] Complete tear of achilles tendon in ultrasound with Simmonds' test
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Kansas City: LB Jack Cochrane fractured his ankle on special teams in the first quarter. RT Jawaan Taylor (knee) left in the third quarter and DT Chris Jones sustained a minor calf strain in the ...
Involuntary extension of the "normal" leg occurs when flexing the contralateral leg against resistance. To perform the test, the examiner should hold one hand under the heel of the "normal" limb and ask the patient to flex the contralateral hip against resistance (while the patient is supine), asking the patient to keep the weak leg straight while raising it.