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The Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, officially the Treaty of Non-Aggression between Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, [1] [2] and also known as the Hitler–Stalin Pact [3] [4] and the Nazi–Soviet Pact, [5] was a non-aggression pact between Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union, with a secret protocol establishing Soviet and German spheres of influence across Eastern Europe. [6]
On 31 March 1939, British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain in the British House of Commons made the famous "guarantee" of Poland that Britain would go to war in the defense of Polish independence but its integrity. On 28 April 1939, Hitler in a speech to the Reichstag renounced the German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact. [30]
A non-aggression pact or neutrality pact is a treaty between two or more states/countries that includes a promise by the signatories not to engage in military action against each other. [1] Such treaties may be described by other names, such as a treaty of friendship or non-belligerency , etc. Leeds, Ritter, Mitchell, & Long (2002) distinguish ...
The German–Latvian Non-Aggression Pact was also signed on the same day. Ratifications of the German-Estonian Pact were exchanged in Berlin on July 24, 1939, and it became effective the same day. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on August 12, 1939. [1] The pact was intended for a period of ten years.
Additional factors that drove the Soviet Union towards a rapprochement with Germany might be the signing of a non-aggression pact between Germany, Latvia and Estonia on June 7, 1939 [94] and the threat from Imperial Japan in the East, as evidenced by the Battle of Khalkhin Gol (May 11 – September 16, 1939).
The pact was an agreement of mutual non-aggression between the countries. [101] It contained secret protocols dividing the states of Northern and Eastern Europe into German and Soviet "spheres of influence." [101] At the time, Stalin considered the trade agreement to be more important than the non-aggression pact. [102]
28 April 1939: Hitler denounces the 1934 German–Polish Non-Aggression Pact and the 1935 Anglo-German Naval Agreement. 3 May 1939: Stalin replaces Foreign Minister Maxim Litvinov with Vyacheslav Molotov. 22 May 1939: The Pact of Steel (the Pact of Friendship and Alliance between Germany and Italy) signed.
German Foreign Minister Joachim von Ribbentrop signs the German–Soviet Pact, 28 September 1939. Several secret articles were attached to the treaty. These articles allowed for the exchange of Soviet and German nationals between the two occupied zones of Poland, redrew parts of the central European spheres of interest dictated by the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact, and also stated that neither ...