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A systematic review of mammography screening programs reported an overdiagnosis rate of around 50%, which is the same of saying that a third of diagnosed cases of breast cancer are overdiagnosed. [13] Overdiagnosis has also been identified in chest x-ray screening for lung cancer. [14]
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
Mammography is a common screening method, since it is relatively fast and widely available in developed countries. Mammography is a type of radiography used on the breasts. . It is typically used for two purposes: to aid in the diagnosis of a woman who is experiencing symptoms or has been called back for follow-up views (called diagnostic mammography), and for medical screening of apparently ...
Breast cancer, prostate cancer, and colorectal cancer are examples of cancer types that are prone to overdiagnosis. [10] The consequences of overdiagnosis and overtreatment resulting from cancer screening can lead to a decline in quality of life , due to the adverse effects of unnecessary medication and hospitalization.
In the example of breast cancer screening, women overdiagnosed with breast cancer might receive radiotherapy, which increases mortality due to lung cancer and heart disease. [36] The problem is those deaths are often classified as other causes and might even be larger than the number of breast cancer deaths avoided by screening.
Fishel said that she did not undergo surgeries or chemotherapy outside of her radiation treatment, and that she will now start Tamoxifen, a medication that can help reduce breast cancer ...
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