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Serum sickness in humans is a reaction to proteins in antiserum derived from a non-human animal source, occurring 5–10 days after exposure. Symptoms often include a rash , joint pain , fever , and lymphadenopathy .
Arthus reactions (type III hypersensitivity reactions) are rarely reported after vaccination and can occur after tetanus toxoid–containing or diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccines. An Arthus reaction is a local vasculitis associated with deposition of immune complexes and activation of complement.
The mechanism by which immune complexes are pathogenic is complex and much of what we know is derived from experimental models of the Arthus reaction and serum sickness. These models support that Fc receptors play a dominant role in the response which can be augmented by the complement system via the anaphylatoxin C5a.
Type IV hypersensitivity reactions are, to some extent, normal physiological events that help fight infections, and dysfunction in this system can predispose to multiple opportunistic infections. Adverse events can also occur due to these reactions when an undesirable interaction between the immune system and an allergen happens. [9]
Left untreated, the condition can put you at risk for eye infections and damage the surface of your eye, according to Mayo Clinic so it’s important to see an eye doctor if you’re experiencing ...
Other causes can include acid reflux, asthma, allergies, or other chronic medical conditions, adds Richard Watkins, M.D., an infectious disease physician and professor of medicine at the Northeast ...
Case reports have noted the absence of fever in serum sickness–like reactions to amoxicillin. Laboratory abnormalities include normal or mild decreases in serum C3, C4, and CH50 levels, and mild proteinuria. In contrast to true serum sickness, renal and hepatic involvement is rare.
Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis (CSVV) is inflammation of small blood vessels, usually accompanied by small lumps beneath the skin. [1]: 831 [2] The condition is also known as hypersensitivity vasculitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis, hypersensitivity angiitis, cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis, cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis and cutaneous necrotizing venulitis, [3]