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  2. Water softening - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_softening

    Water softening is the removal of calcium, magnesium, and certain other metal cations in hard water. The resulting soft water requires less soap for the same cleaning effort, as soap is not wasted bonding with calcium ions. Soft water also extends the lifetime of plumbing by reducing or eliminating scale build-up in pipes

  3. Zeolite - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeolite

    Zeolites are used in laundry detergent as water softeners, removing Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions which would otherwise precipitate from the solution. The ions are retained by the zeolites which releases Na + ions into the solution, allowing the laundry detergent to be effective in areas with hard water.

  4. Ion-exchange resin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ion-exchange_resin

    Ion-exchange resin beads. An ion-exchange resin or ion-exchange polymer is a resin or polymer that acts as a medium for ion exchange, that is also known as an ionex. [1] It is an insoluble matrix (or support structure) normally in the form of small (0.25–1.43 mm radius) microbeads, usually white or yellowish, fabricated from an organic polymer substrate.

  5. Hydrostatic test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydrostatic_test

    For piping built to ASME B31.3, if the design temperature is greater than the test temperature, then the test pressure must be adjusted for the related allowable stress at the design temperature. This is done by multiplying 1.5 MAWP by the ratio of the allowable stress at the test temperature to allowable stress at the design temperature per ...

  6. Water filter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_filter

    A water filter removes impurities by lowering contamination of water using a fine physical barrier, a chemical process, or a biological process. Filters cleanse water to different extents, for purposes such as: providing agricultural irrigation, accessible drinking water, public and private aquariums, and the safe use of ponds and swimming pools.

  7. Thermal power station - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_power_station

    A system of water softeners and ion exchange demineralizes produces water so pure that it coincidentally becomes an electrical insulator, with conductivity in the range of 0.3–1.0 microsiemens per centimeter. The makeup water in a 500 MWe plant amounts to perhaps 120 US gallons per minute (7.6 L/s) to replace water drawn off from the boiler ...

  8. Water metering - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_metering

    Water metering is the practice of measuring water use. Water meters measure the volume of water used by residential and commercial building units that are supplied with water by a public water supply system. They are also used to determine flow through a particular portion of the system.

  9. Magnetic water treatment - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetic_water_treatment

    As magnets affect water to a small degree, and water containing ions is more conductive than purer water, magnetic water treatment is an example of a valid scientific hypothesis that failed experimental testing and is thus disproven. Any products claiming to utilize magnetic water treatment are absolutely fraudulent. [1]