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Colombia, [b] officially the Republic of Colombia, [c] is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Peru and Ecuador to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest.
The Spanish first landed in La Guajira in 1499, and by the mid-16th century, they had colonized much of present-day Colombia, and established the New Kingdom of Granada, with Santa Fé de Bogotá as its capital. Independence from the Spanish Empire was achieved in 1819, with what is now Colombia emerging as the United Provinces of New Granada.
The politics of clientelism in Colombia: Democracy and the state (Routledge, 2017). Murillo, Mario A., and Jesus Rey Avirama. Colombia and the United States: war, unrest, and destabilization (Seven Stories Press, 2004). Phelan, John Leddy. The People and the King: The Comunero Revolt in Colombia, 1781. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press 1978.
Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Puerto Rico, and in the United States. Oldest continuously inhabited state or territorial capital in the United States. 1524 Granada: Granada: Nicaragua Oldest continuously inhabited European established settlement in Nicaragua. 1524 Quetzaltenango: Quetzaltenango: Guatemala
Nation-building is a long evolutionary process, and in most cases the date of a country's "formation" cannot be objectively determined; e.g., the fact that England and France were sovereign kingdoms on equal footing in the medieval period does not prejudice the fact that England is not now a sovereign state (having passed sovereignty to Great ...
However, the new constitution of 1853 introduced federalism, which lead to the consolidation of provinces into states. By 1858 this process was complete, with a resulting eight federal states: Panamá was formed in 1855, Antioquia in 1856, Santander in May 1857, and Bolívar, Boyacá, Cauca, Cundinamarca and Magdalena were formed in June 1858 ...
This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (August 2023) Part of a series on the History of Colombia Timeline Pre-Columbian period pre-1499 Spanish colonization 1499–1550 New Kingdom of Granada 1550–1717 Viceroyalty of New Granada 1717–1819 United Provinces of New Granada 1810–1816 Gran Colombia 1819–1831 ...
The Federal State of Santander, which included the provinces of Socorro and Pamplona, was created May 13, 1857. [2] The Law of June 15, 1857, created the other states that would go on to form the Granadine Confederation: The Federal State of Bolívar (Estado Federal de Bolívar), which included the Cartagena Province.