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For example, by comparing the absorbance values of a solution with an unknown concentration to a series of standard solutions with varying concentrations, the concentration of the unknown can be determined using Beer's Law. Any form of spectroscopy can be used in this way so long as the analyte species has substantial absorbance in the spectra ...
Also Abrams' water-cement ratio law. A law which states that the strength of a concrete mix is inversely related to the mass ratio of water to cement. As the water content increases, the strength of the concrete decreases. abrasion The process of scuffing, scratching, wearing down, marring, or rubbing away a substance or substrate. It can be intentionally imposed in a controlled process using ...
Dilution is the process of decreasing the concentration of a solute in a solution, usually simply by mixing with more solvent like adding more water to the solution. To dilute a solution means to add more solvent without the addition of more solute. The resulting solution is thoroughly mixed so as to ensure that all parts of the solution are ...
Engineering is the discipline and profession that applies scientific theories, mathematical methods, and empirical evidence to design, create, and analyze technological solutions, balancing technical requirements with concerns or constraints on safety, human factors, physical limits, regulations, practicality, and cost, and often at an industrial scale.
Structural engineering is a sub-discipline of civil engineering in which structural engineers are trained to design the 'bones and joints' that create the form and shape of human-made structures. Structural engineers also must understand and calculate the stability , strength, rigidity and earthquake-susceptibility of built structures for ...
The solutions on the left are more dilute, compared to the more concentrated solutions on the right. Often in informal, non-technical language, concentration is described in a qualitative way, through the use of adjectives such as "dilute" for solutions of relatively low concentration and "concentrated" for solutions of relatively high ...
For example, the blood/gas partition coefficient of a general anesthetic measures how easily the anesthetic passes from gas to blood. [5] Partition coefficients can also be defined when one of the phases is solid , for instance, when one phase is a molten metal and the second is a solid metal, [ 6 ] or when both phases are solids. [ 7 ]
The assumption that solution properties are independent of nature of solute particles is exact only for ideal solutions, which are solutions that exhibit thermodynamic properties analogous to those of an ideal gas, and is approximate for dilute real solutions. In other words, colligative properties are a set of solution properties that can be ...