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  2. Pentode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentode

    A pentode is an electronic device having five electrodes. The term most commonly applies to a three-grid amplifying vacuum tube or thermionic valve that was invented by Gilles Holst and Bernhard D.H. Tellegen in 1926. [ 1 ]

  3. Control grid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control_grid

    Schematic symbol used in circuit diagrams for a vacuum tube, showing control grid. The control grid is an electrode used in amplifying thermionic valves (vacuum tubes) such as the triode, tetrode and pentode, used to control the flow of electrons from the cathode to the anode (plate) electrode. The control grid usually consists of a cylindrical ...

  4. List of vacuum tubes - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_vacuum_tubes

    This is a list of vacuum tubes or thermionic valves, and low-pressure gas-filled tubes, or discharge tubes. Before the advent of semiconductor devices, thousands of tube types were used in consumer electronics.

  5. Mullard–Philips tube designation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mullard–Philips_tube...

    Examples of this format are "PL302" and "EF183". From about the start of the 1960s an extra digit was needed for new devices. Either a digit 1 was inserted before the 8 or other base-defining digit (e.g. an EF184 is a Noval pentode), or a three-digit sequence was used. For example, a PL500 is a power pentode in a Magnoval base.

  6. EF86 - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EF86

    The EF86 [1] is a high transconductance sharp cutoff pentode vacuum tube with Noval (B9A) base for audio-frequency applications. It was introduced by the Mullard company in 1953 [2] and was produced by Philips, Mullard, Telefunken, Valvo, and GEC among others. It is very similar electrically to the octal base EF37A and the Rimlock base EF40.

  7. Quantum vacuum state - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_vacuum_state

    The video of an experiment showing vacuum fluctuations (in the red ring) amplified by spontaneous parametric down-conversion.. If the quantum field theory can be accurately described through perturbation theory, then the properties of the vacuum are analogous to the properties of the ground state of a quantum mechanical harmonic oscillator, or more accurately, the ground state of a measurement ...

  8. Tetrode - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrode

    The space charge grid tube was the first type of tetrode to appear. In the course of his research into the action of the audion triode tube invented by Edwin Howard Armstrong and Lee de Forest, Irving Langmuir found that the action of the heated thermionic cathode was to create a space charge, or cloud of electrons, around the cathode.

  9. List of states of matter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_of_matter

    Strange matter: A type of quark matter that may exist inside some neutron stars close to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (approximately 2–3 solar masses). May be stable at lower energy states once formed. Quark matter: Hypothetical phases of matter whose degrees of freedom include quarks and gluons Color-glass condensate