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Dietary supplements containing all eight are referred to as a vitamin B complex. Individual B vitamins are referred to by B-number or by chemical name, such as B 1 for thiamine , B 2 for riboflavin , and B 3 for niacin , [ 1 ] [ 2 ] while some are more commonly recognized by name than by number, such as pantothenic acid (B 5 ), biotin (B 7 ...
Vitamin B 12 is derived from a tetrapyrrolic structural framework created by the enzymes deaminase and cosynthetase which transform aminolevulinic acid via porphobilinogen and hydroxymethylbilane to uroporphyrinogen III. The latter is the first macrocyclic intermediate common to heme, chlorophyll, siroheme and B 12 itself.
Vitamin B 3, colloquially referred to as niacin, is a vitamin family that includes three forms, or vitamers: niacin (nicotinic acid), nicotinamide (niacinamide), and nicotinamide riboside. [1] All three forms of vitamin B 3 are converted within the body to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD). [ 1 ]
Biotin (also known as vitamin B 7 or vitamin H) is one of the B vitamins. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is involved in a wide range of metabolic processes, both in humans and in other organisms, primarily related to the utilization of fats, carbohydrates, and amino acids. [ 4 ]
Vitamin B 4 is a former designation given to several distinct chemical compounds, none of which is currently considered a true vitamin: Choline is synthesized by the human body, but not sufficiently to maintain good health, and is now considered an essential dietary nutrient. [1] Adenine is a nucleobase synthesized by the human body. [2]
Vitamin B 2 (Riboflavin) Meat, dairy products, eggs: 1922: Vitamin E (Tocopherol) Wheat germ oil, unrefined vegetable oils 1929: Vitamin K 1 (Phylloquinone) Leaf vegetables: 1931: Vitamin B 5 (Pantothenic acid) Meat, whole grains, in many foods 1934: Vitamin B 6 (Pyridoxine) Meat, dairy products 1936: Vitamin B 7 [26] Meat, dairy products, Eggs ...
Thiamine, also known as thiamin and vitamin B 1, is a vitamin – an essential micronutrient for humans and animals. [1] [3] [4] It is found in food and commercially synthesized to be a dietary supplement or medication. [1] Phosphorylated forms of thiamine are required for some metabolic reactions, including the breakdown of glucose and amino ...
Riboflavin, also known as vitamin B 2, is a vitamin found in food and sold as a dietary supplement. [3] It is essential to the formation of two major coenzymes , flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide .