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Cross-cultural psychologyis the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes, including both their variability and invariance, under diverse cultural conditions.[1] Through expanding research methodologies to recognize cultural variance in behavior, language, and meaning it seeks to extend and develop psychology.[2]
Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory is a framework for cross-cultural psychology, developed by Geert Hofstede. It shows the effects of a society's culture on the values of its members, and how these values relate to behavior, using a structure derived from factor analysis. [ 1] Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory.
Cultural psychology is the study of how cultures reflect and shape their members' psychological processes. [ 1] It is based on the premise that the mind and culture are inseparable and mutually constitutive. The concept involves two propositions: firstly, that people are shaped by their culture, and secondly, that culture is shaped by its people.
Cultural conflicts are difficult to resolve as parties to the conflict have different beliefs. [3] Cultural conflicts intensify when those differences become reflected in politics, particularly on a macro level. [3] An example of cultural conflict is the debate over abortion. [3] Ethnic cleansing is another extreme example of cultural conflict. [4]
The term multiculturalism has a range of meanings within the contexts of sociology, political philosophy, and colloquial use. In sociology and in everyday usage, it is a synonym for ethnic pluralism, with the two terms often used interchangeably, and for cultural pluralism [ 1] in which various ethnic and cultural groups exist in a single society.
This conflict produces terror, which is managed through a combination of escapism and cultural beliefs that act to counter biological reality with more significant and enduring forms of meaning and value—-basically countering the personal insignificance represented by death with the significance provided by symbolic culture. [1] [2]
Contact hypothesis. In psychology and other social sciences, the contact hypothesis suggests that intergroup contact under appropriate conditions can effectively reduce prejudice between majority and minority group members. Following WWII and the desegregation of the military and other public institutions, policymakers and social scientists had ...
Realistic conflict theory (RCT), also known as realistic group conflict theory (RGCT), [1] [2] is a social psychological model of intergroup conflict. [3] The theory explains how intergroup hostility can arise as a result of conflicting goals and competition over limited resources, and it also offers an explanation for the feelings of prejudice and discrimination toward the outgroup that ...