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Instruction cycle. The instruction cycle (also known as the fetch–decode–execute cycle, or simply the fetch-execute cycle) is the cycle that the central processing unit (CPU) follows from boot-up until the computer has shut down in order to process instructions. It is composed of three main stages: the fetch stage, the decode stage, and the ...
Instructions per second. Instructions per second ( IPS) is a measure of a computer 's processor speed. For complex instruction set computers (CISCs), different instructions take different amounts of time, so the value measured depends on the instruction mix; even for comparing processors in the same family the IPS measurement can be problematic.
1990s. The 32-bit microprocessor dominated the consumer market in the 1990s. Processor clock speeds increased by more than tenfold between 1990 and 1999, and 64-bit processors began to emerge later in the decade. In the 1990s, microprocessors no longer used the same clock speed for the processor and the RAM.
Comparison of Intel processors. As of 2020, the x86 architecture is used in most high end compute-intensive computers, including cloud computing, servers, workstations, and many less powerful computers, including personal computer desktops and laptops. The ARM architecture is used in most other product categories, especially high-volume battery ...
A CPU cache is a hardware cache used by the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer to reduce the average cost (time or energy) to access data from the main memory. [1] A cache is a smaller, faster memory, located closer to a processor core , which stores copies of the data from frequently used main memory locations .
Computer architecture. Block diagram of a basic computer with uniprocessor CPU. Black lines indicate control flow, whereas red lines indicate data flow. Arrows indicate the direction of flow. In computer science and computer engineering, computer architecture is a description of the structure of a computer system made from component parts. [ 1]
A central processing unit ( CPU ), also called a central processor, main processor, or just processor, is the most important processor in a given computer. [ 1][ 2] Its electronic circuitry executes instructions of a computer program, such as arithmetic, logic, controlling, and input/output (I/O) operations. [ 3][ 4][ 5] This role contrasts ...
Amdahl's law. The theoretical speedup of the latency (via a reduction of latency, ie: latency as a metric is elapsed time between an input and output in a system) of the execution of a program as a function of the number of processors executing it, according to Amdahl's law. The speedup is limited by the serial part of the program.