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There are many variations of this type of joint, and the basic mortise and tenon has two components: the mortise hole, and; the tenon tongue. The tenon, formed on the end of a member generally referred to as a rail, fits into a square or rectangular hole cut into the other, corresponding member. The tenon is cut to fit the mortise hole exactly.
Unlike other types of timber framing in Europe, the trestle frame construction uses no mortise and tenon joints. Archaeological excavations have uncovered similar wooden joints from more than 3,000 years ago, suggesting that this type of framing is an ancient unbroken tradition.
Mortise and tenon is the strongest, and is often used for large doors which will have greater stresses imposed. Bridle joints are typically used in less formal work, as the exposed endgrain is considered unattractive; while butt joints, being weak, are only used on very small assemblies.
Pike pole used to push wall sections up during a barn raising; Rope is used to lift or pull objects, sometimes in combination with a windlass, bullwheel, or block and tackle. Cranes are sometimes used to lift assemblies and materials. Commander or beetel is a large, long handled mallet for forcing timbers together or apart.
Historically, mortise and tenon joints were used to joint bents to posts and beams due to the unavailability of nails. [ 4 ] Bents are generally pre-assembled, either at the timber framing company's shop or at the construction site.
The mortise is drilled 1 ⁄ 16 inch (1.6 mm) smaller than the treenail to create a tight fit and take advantage of friction in the mortise. In cases where the treenail is 24 inches (61 cm) or longer, the treenail should be shaped 1 ⁄ 8 inch (3.2 mm) smaller than the other half.
A Phoenician joint (Latin: coagmenta punicana) is a locked mortise and tenon wood joinery technique used in shipbuilding to fasten watercraft hulls.The locked (or pegged) mortise and tenon technique consists of cutting a mortise, or socket, into the edges of two planks and fastening them together with a rectangular wooden knob.
The distinguishing feature is that the tenon and the mortise are cut to the full width of the tenon member. The corner bridle joint (also known as a slot mortise and tenon) joins two members at their respective ends, forming a corner. This form of the joint is commonly used to house a rail in uprights, such as legs.
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