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Most palladium is used for catalytic converters in the automobile industry. [77] Catalytic converters are targets for thieves because they contain palladium and other rare metals. In the run up to year 2000, the Russian supply of palladium to the global market was repeatedly delayed and disrupted; for political reasons, the export quota was not ...
Although both have industrial uses, they are better known for their uses in art, jewelry, and coinage. Other precious metals include the platinum group metals: ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, and platinum, of which platinum is the most widely traded. [1]
This article summarizes the world palladium production by country. This is a list of countries by palladium production in kilograms, based upon data from the United States Geological Survey. [1] In 2019, the world production of palladium totaled 210,000 kilograms—down 5% from 220,000 kg in 2018.
It is followed by caesium, iridium and palladium by mass and iridium, gold and platinum by volume. Carbon in the form of diamond can be more expensive than rhodium. Per-kilogram prices of some synthetic radioisotopes range to trillions of dollars.
Naturally occurring platinum and platinum-rich alloys were known by pre-Columbian Americans for many years. [5] However, even though the metal was used by pre-Columbian peoples, the first European reference to platinum appears in 1557 in the writings of the Italian humanist Julius Caesar Scaliger (1484–1558) as a description of a mysterious metal found in Central American mines between ...
North American Palladium was founded in 1968 as Madeleine Mines Ltd. and was renamed to its current name in June 1993. [1] The Lac des Iles mine began as an open pit mine in 1993. A new mill was commissioned at the mine in 2012, with mine's production rate increasing following that. Underground operations at Lac des Iles started in 2006. [2]
In 1973, metal dealers established "London Platinum and Palladium Quotation"—a forerunner of the fixings. The prices for platinum and palladium were settled twice a day on the spot market. In 1979, leading dealers from London and Zurich signed an agreement to standardize the origin and specifications of the metals of the good delivery quality.
Stillwater Mining Company is engaged in the development, extraction, processing, refining and marketing of palladium, platinum and associated metals (platinum group metals or PGMs) from a geological formation in the Stillwater igneous complex in south central Montana known as the J-M Reef and from the recycling of spent catalytic converters.