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In psychology, codependency is a theory that attempts to explain imbalanced relationships where one person enables another person's self-destructive behavior, [1] such as addiction, poor mental health, immaturity, irresponsibility, or under-achievement.
Co-Dependents Anonymous (CoDA) is a twelve-step program for people who share a common desire to develop functional and healthy relationships. [1] [2] [3] Co-Dependents Anonymous was founded by Ken and Mary Richardson and the first CoDA meeting attended by 30 people was held October 22, 1986 in Phoenix, Arizona.
Beattie popularized the concept of codependency in 1986 with Codependent No More, which sold eight million copies. [7] [8] Codependent No More was first published by the Hazelden Foundation. [9] Beattie's early works also served as the first the Big Book for a 12-Step program called Co-Dependents Anonymous. Although "CoDA" now has a conference ...
The Spann–Fischer Codependency Scale is a 16-item self-report instrument that has been proposed as a measure of co-dependency.The scale is based upon a definition of codependency as "a dysfunctional pattern of relating to others with an extreme focus outside of oneself, lack of expression of feelings, and personal meaning derived from relationships with others."
The counterdependent personality has been described as being addicted to activity and suffering from grandiosity, as acting strong and pushing others away. [9] Out of a fear of being crowded, they avoid contact with others, something which can lead through emotional isolation to depression.
Timmen Cermak is an American psychiatrist known for his work on codependent personality types. [1] He is in private practice in San Francisco and Marin County with a focus on addictions. [2] He proposed that codependency be listed as a personality disorder in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. [3]
Codependency often involves placing a lower priority on one's own needs, while being excessively preoccupied with the needs of others. Codependency can occur in any type of relationship, including family, work, friendship, and also romantic, peer or community relationships.
John Elliot Bradshaw (June 29, 1933 – May 8, 2016) was an American educator, counselor, motivational speaker, and author who hosted a number of PBS television programs on topics such as addiction, recovery, codependency, and spirituality.