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Minimal change disease (MCD), also known as lipoid nephrosis or nil disease, among others, is a disease affecting the kidneys which causes nephrotic syndrome. [1] Nephrotic syndrome leads to the loss of significant amounts of protein to the urine (proteinuria), which causes the widespread edema (soft tissue swelling) and impaired kidney function commonly experienced by those affected by the ...
Minimal change disease: A disease that causes unregulated activity of the immune system that damages the glomerulus, causing glomerulonephrosis. The disease is "minimal" because lesions of the glomerulus can only be seen through an electron microscope. [6] Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: A disease in which scar tissue develops in the ...
Primary causes of nephrotic syndrome are usually described by their histology: [21] Minimal change disease (MCD): is the most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children. It owes its name to the fact that the nephrons appear normal when viewed with an optical microscope as the lesions are only visible using an electron microscope .
Minimal change disease typically presents with edema, an increase in proteins passed from urine and decrease in blood protein levels, and an increase in circulating lipids (i.e., nephrotic syndrome) and is the most common cause of the nephrotic syndrome in children. Although no changes may be visible by light microscopy, changes on electron ...
Similar to other causes of nephrotic syndrome (e.g., focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or minimal change disease), membranous nephropathy is known to predispose affected individuals to develop blood clots such as pulmonary emboli. Membranous nephropathy in particular is known to increase this risk more than other causes of nephrotic syndrome ...
The most common histopathology observation (microscopic examination of a kidney biopsy) is minimal change disease, though focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (kidney scaring) is increasingly seen. [1] Management of the syndrome typically involves corticosteroids as first-line therapy, with more than 80% of children initially responding. [3]
Minimal-change disease, sometimes called nil disease, affects the millions of the kidney’s glomeruli, which are the specific parts of the kidney where small molecules are first filtered out of blood and into the urine. Specifically, it’s a type of nephrotic syndrome, in fact, the most common nephrotic syndrome seen in children.
FSGS accounts for 35% of all cases of nephrotic syndrome, making it one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in the United States. [8] FSGS accounts for 2% of all cases of kidney failure. [4] African American patients have four times the likelihood of developing FSGS. Men are about two times as likely to develop FSGS compared to ...