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Phase Portrait Shape λ 1 & λ 2 are real and of opposite sign; Determinant < 0 Saddle (unstable) λ 1 & λ 2 are real and of the same sign, and λ 1 ≠ λ 2; 0 < determinant < (trace 2 / 4) Node (stable if trace < 0, unstable if trace > 0) λ 1 & λ 2 have both a real and imaginary component; (trace 2 / 4) < determinant Spiral (stable if ...
In the mathematical area of bifurcation theory a saddle-node bifurcation, tangential bifurcation or fold bifurcation is a local bifurcation in which two fixed points (or equilibria) of a dynamical system collide and annihilate each other. The term 'saddle-node bifurcation' is most often used in reference to continuous dynamical systems.
Phase portrait showing saddle-node bifurcation. Bifurcation theory is the mathematical study of changes in the qualitative or topological structure of a given family of curves, such as the integral curves of a family of vector fields, and the solutions of a family of differential equations.
Complex eigenvalues of an arbitrary map (dots). In case of the Hopf bifurcation, two complex conjugate eigenvalues cross the imaginary axis. In the mathematical theory of bifurcations, a Hopf bifurcation is a critical point where, as a parameter changes, a system's stability switches and a periodic solution arises. [1]
The signs of the eigenvalues indicate the phase plane's behaviour: If the signs are opposite, the intersection of the eigenvectors is a saddle point . If the signs are both positive, the eigenvectors represent stable situations that the system diverges away from, and the intersection is an unstable node .
Plot of the Duffing map showing chaotic behavior, where a = 2.75 and b = 0.15. Phase portrait of a two-well Duffing oscillator (a differential equation, rather than a map) showing chaotic behavior. The Duffing map (also called as 'Holmes map') is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is an example of a dynamical system that exhibits chaotic behavior
But the topological conjugacy in this context does provide the full geometric picture. In effect, the nonlinear phase portrait near the equilibrium is a thumbnail of the phase portrait of the linearized system. This is the meaning of the following regularity results, and it is illustrated by the saddle equilibrium in the example below.
Hence M = [m 1, m 2] and K = [k 1, k 2]. A mode shape is assumed for the system, with two terms, one of which is weighted by a factor B , e.g. Y = [1, 1] + B [1, −1]. Simple harmonic motion theory says that the velocity at the time when deflection is zero, is the angular frequency ω {\displaystyle \omega } times the deflection (y) at time of ...