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Long acting nitrates are taken 2-3 times per day and can be used to prevent angina. [6] Beta-blockers may also be used to reduce the incidence of chronic angina. [6] Beta-blockers prevent episodes of angina by reducing heart rate and reducing the strength of contraction of the heart, which lowers oxygen demand in the heart. [6]
The nitrates are used for the treatment and prevention of angina and acute myocardial infarction, while molsidomine acts too slowly to be useful for the treatment of acute angina. [2] For quick action in the treatment of angina, glyceryl trinitrate is used in form of a sublingual spray (nitro spray) or as soft capsules to be crunched.
Pharmacological options for reducing the severity and occurrence of ischemic episodes include the organic nitrates, which are rapidly metabolized to release nitric oxide in many tissues, [9] and are classified as having either long-acting (i.e. isosorbide dinitrate) or short-acting (i.e. nitroglycerin) durations of action.
Short-acting nitrates are used to abort angina attacks that have occurred, while longer-acting nitrates are used in the prophylactic management of the condition. Agents include glyceryl trinitrate (GTN) , pentaerythritol tetranitrate , isosorbide dinitrate and isosorbide mononitrate .
It can cause an uncontrollable decrease in blood pressure, reflex tachycardia, and a steal phenomenon in certain vascular beds. There have been multiple reports in the medical literature of serious adverse effects with sublingual nifedipine, including cerebral ischemia/infarction , myocardial infarction , complete heart block , and death.
It can have many potential causes, including genetics, lifestyle habits, and underlying health issues. Some types of cardiovascular disease, such as some cardiomyopathies, develop due to factors ...
Isosorbide dinitrate is in the nitrate family of medications and works by dilating blood vessels. [1] Isosorbide dinitrate was first written about in 1939. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. [4] Isosorbide dinitrate is available as a generic medication. [1] [5] A long-acting form exists. [1]
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