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Erga omnes obligations attach when there is a serious breach of peremptory norms of international law like those against piracy, genocide and wars of aggression. [2] [3] The concept was recognized in the International Court of Justice's decision in the Barcelona Traction case [4] [(Belgium v Spain) (Second Phase) ICJ Rep 1970 3 at paragraph 33]:
Universal jurisdiction is a legal principle that allows states or international organizations to prosecute individuals for serious crimes, such as genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity, regardless of where the crime was committed and irrespective of the accused's nationality or residence.
On 1 March 2024, Nicaragua instituted proceedings against Germany at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) under, inter alia, the Genocide Convention, concerning Alleged Breaches of Certain International Obligations in Respect of the Occupied Palestinian Territory arising from Germany's support for Israel in the Israel–Hamas war.
Seal of the International Court of Justice The list of International Court of Justice cases includes contentious cases and advisory opinions brought to the International Court of Justice since its creation in 1946. Forming a key part of international law, 195 cases have been entered onto the General List for consideration before the court. The jurisdiction of the ICJ is limited. Only states ...
Some treaties that confer jurisdiction on the ICJ include : American treaty on pacific settlement, Bogotá, 30 April 1948; Convention on the prevention and punishment of the crime of genocide, Paris, 9 December 1948; Revised act for the pacific settlement of international disputes, Lake Success, 28 April 1949
The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction in two types of cases: contentious cases between states in which the court produces binding rulings between states that agree, or have previously agreed, to submit to the ruling of the court; and advisory opinions, which provide reasoned, but non-binding, rulings on properly submitted questions of international law, usually at the request of ...
The Statute is divided into 5 chapters and consists of 70 articles. The Statute begins with Article 1 proclaiming: "The international Court of Justice established by the Charter of the United Nations as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations shall be constituted and shall function in accordance with the provisions of the present Statute."
The ICJ is active in promoting human rights and the rule of law at the international (e.g. the UN), regional, and national (e.g. JUSTICE in the UK) levels. The ICJ's International Law and Protection Programme works to promote the application of international law to violations of a civil, political, social or economic nature. [1]