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In computer programming, lazy initialization is the tactic of delaying the creation of an object, the calculation of a value, or some other expensive process until the first time it is needed.
Classes can be derived from one or more existing classes, thereby establishing a hierarchical relationship between the derived-from classes (base classes, parent classes or superclasses) and the derived class (child class or subclass) . The relationship of the derived class to the derived-from classes is commonly known as an is-a relationship. [21]
Before version 3.0, Python had two kinds of classes (both using the same syntax): old-style and new-style; [113] current Python versions only support the semantics of the new style. Python supports optional type annotations. [4] [114] These annotations are not enforced by the language, but may be used by external tools such as mypy to catch errors.
Manual memory management is known to enable several major classes of bugs into a program when used incorrectly, notably violations of memory safety or memory leaks. These are a significant source of security bugs. When an unused object is never released back to the free store, this is known as a memory leak.
A class diagram exemplifying the singleton pattern.. In object-oriented programming, the singleton pattern is a software design pattern that restricts the instantiation of a class to a singular instance.
Resource acquisition is initialization (RAII) [1] is a programming idiom [2] used in several object-oriented, statically typed programming languages to describe a particular language behavior. In RAII, holding a resource is a class invariant , and is tied to object lifetime .
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The class defines the data format or type (including member variables and their types) and available procedures (class methods or member functions) for a given type or class of object. Objects are created by calling a special type of method in the class known as a constructor .