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  2. Commensalism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commensalism

    The leap from a synanthropic population to a domestic one could only have taken place after the animals had progressed from anthropophily to habituation to commensalism and partnership, at which point the establishment of a reciprocal relationship between animal and human would have laid the foundation for domestication, including captivity and ...

  3. Cooperation (evolution) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperation_(evolution)

    In commensalism, one of the two participating species benefits, while the other is neither harmed nor benefitted. In parasitism, one of the two participating species benefits at the expense of the other. Symbiosis may be obligate or facultative. In obligate symbiosis, one or both species depends on the other for survival.

  4. Biological interaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological_interaction

    Parasitism is a relationship between species, where one organism, the parasite, lives on or in another organism, the host, causing it some harm, and is adapted structurally to this way of life. [20] The parasite either feeds on the host, or, in the case of intestinal parasites, consumes some of its food.

  5. Evolutionary ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_ecology

    Evolutionary ecology has been studied using symbiotic relationships between organisms to determine the evolutionary forces by which such relationships develop. In symbiotic relationships, the symbiont must confer some advantage to its host in order to persist and continue to be evolutionarily viable. Research has been conducted using aphids and ...

  6. Non-trophic networks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-trophic_networks

    This term is used for organisms that "directly or indirectly modulate availability of resources (other than themselves) to other species, by causing physical state changes in biotic or abiotic materials". Beavers are an example of such engineers. Other examples include earthworms, trees, coral reefs, and planktonic organisms.

  7. Why Asian Elephants Are More Than Just the Largest ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/why-asian-elephants-more-just...

    There are three types of elephants: the African forest elephant, the Asian elephant, and the African savanna (or bush) elephant. Elephants in the African savanna are larger than those in the ...

  8. Are Elephants Really Afraid of Mice? An Elephant Expert ...

    www.aol.com/elephants-really-afraid-mice...

    Another show did their own experiment to see if elephants were indeed afraid of mice. On 20/20, the host contacted the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.The elephant trainer, Troy Metzler ...

  9. Symbiosis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbiosis

    Commensalism describes a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is not significantly harmed or helped. It is derived from the English word commensal, used of human social interaction. It derives from a medieval Latin word meaning sharing food, formed from com-(with) and mensa (table). [38] [39]