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United Nations General Assembly Resolution 1803 established the principle of permanent sovereignty over natural resources. Adopted on 14 December 1962 by the UN General Assembly , [ 1 ] resolution proclaims in particular that:
Conversely, this recognised Chad's territorial claims and gave it territorial sovereignty over the Aouzou Strip and the Borderlands. Libya's occupation of the strip was declared illegal. [ 5 ] In effect, the ruling also disregarded the rights of the indigenous inhabitants of the Borderlands, whose territorial rights Libya said it inherited to ...
Fiji claims that the entire reef is submerged at high tide, negating use of Minerva as a basis for any sovereignty or maritime EEZ claim by Tonga under the rules of UNCLOS. Swains Island [1] United States Tokelau: Tokelau's claim is unsupported by New Zealand, of which Tokelau is a dependency. New Zealand recognises US sovereignty over Swains ...
Sovereignty can generally be defined as supreme authority. [1] [2] [3] Sovereignty entails hierarchy within a state as well as external autonomy for states. [4]In any state, sovereignty is assigned to the person, body or institution that has the ultimate authority over other people and to change existing laws. [5]
The Peace of Westphalia in 1648 is commonly considered to have established territorial integrity as a cornerstone of sovereignty, embodied in the concept of Westphalian sovereignty, but even this did not necessarily reflect any absolute right to particular territory. [13] Even after Westphalia, territorial exchange remained common between states.
Micronations are political entities that claim independence and mimic acts of sovereignty as if they were a sovereign state, but lack any legal recognition. [2] According to Collins English Dictionary, many exist "only on the internet or within the private property of [their] members" [3] and seek to simulate a state rather than to achieve international recognition; their activities are ...
The dominant customary international law standard of statehood is the declarative theory of statehood, which was codified by the Montevideo Convention of 1933. The Convention defines the state as a person of international law if it "possess[es] the following qualifications: (a) a permanent population; (b) a defined territory; (c) government; and (d) a capacity to enter into relations with the ...
Westphalian sovereignty is the concept of nation-state sovereignty based on territoriality and the absence of a role for external agents in domestic structures. It is an international system of states, multinational corporations , and organizations that began with the Peace of Westphalia in 1648.