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During the Cenozoic, mammals proliferated from a few small, simple, generalised forms into a diverse collection of terrestrial, marine, and flying animals, giving this period its other name, the Age of Mammals. The Cenozoic is just as much the age of savannas, the age of co-dependent flowering plants and insects, and the age of birds. [40]
The Quaternary (/ k w ə ˈ t ɜːr n ə r i, ˈ k w ɒ t ər n ɛr i / kwə-TUR-nə-ree, KWOT-ər-nerr-ee) is the current and most recent of the three periods of the Cenozoic Era in the geologic time scale of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), as well as the current and most recent of the twelve periods of the Phanerozoic eon. [3]
Index fossils must have a short vertical range, wide geographic distribution and rapid evolutionary trends. Another term, "zone fossil", is used when the fossil has all the characters stated above except wide geographical distribution; thus, they correlate the surrounding rock to a biozone rather than a specific time period.
Prehistoric animals of the Cenozoic Era ... Quaternary animals (9 C) Pages in category "Cenozoic animals"
The first zonation for the Quaternary of Europe was proposed by Azzaroli in 1967. [3] This was then expanded by Gliozzi et al. in 1997 to make a system of 3 'ages' subdivided into 13 'faunal units'. [4] The scheme does not define boundaries but instead is accompanied by a range chart, where the entry and exit dates for the taxa are indicated.
The Neogene (/ ˈ n iː. ə dʒ iː n / NEE-ə-jeen, [6] [7]) is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period 23.04 million years ago to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period 2.58 million years ago. It is the second period of the Cenozoic and the eleventh period of the Phanerozoic.
A period is equivalent to a chronostratigraphic system. [14] [13] There are 22 defined periods, with the current being the Quaternary period. [2] As an exception, two subperiods are used for the Carboniferous Period. [14] An epoch is the second smallest geochronologic unit. It is equivalent to a chronostratigraphic series.
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