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The CA Final is the final level exam in the chartered accountancy course offered by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India (ICAI). [1] CA Final exam is divided into two groups and consists of 6 set of papers with 100 mark each. Before the CA Final exam, students must clear Foundation and Intermediate exams. The exam paper will be ...
Relevant cost: The relevant cost is a cost which is relevant in various decisions of management. Replacement cost: This cost is the cost at which existing items of material or fixed assets can be replaced at present or at a future date. Shutdown cost: Costs incurred if operations are shut down, and which would not occur if operations are continued.
Project Cost Management (PCM) is the dimension of project management which aims to ensure that a project is completed within its approved budget. [1] [2] It encompasses several specific project management activities including estimating, job controls, field data collection, scheduling, accounting and design, and uses technology to measure cost and productivity through the full life-cycle of ...
In 2006, AACE published their Total Cost Management Framework – An Integrated Methodology for Portfolio, Program and Project Management. [2] In this tested and proven methodology, portfolios of assets are optimized through the use of portfolios of projects, using project management as a delivery system, to support and enhance large, strategic or operational programs [3] in support of the ...
Activity-based management (ABM) is a method of identifying and evaluating activities that a business performs, using activity-based costing to carry out a value chain analysis or a re-engineering initiative to improve strategic and operational decisions in an organization.
A key component to the strategic management of inter-organizational relationships relates to the choice of governance mechanisms. While early research focused on the choice between equity and non equity forms, [47] recent scholarship studies the nature of the contractual and relational arrangements between organizations. [48]
The Chartered Institute of Management Accountants (CIMA) is the global professional management accounting body, based in the United Kingdom. CIMA offers training and qualification in management accountancy and related subjects. It is focused on accountants working in industry and provides ongoing support and training for members.
Every decision in the product development process affects cost: design is typically considered to account for 70–80% of the final cost of a project such as an engineering project [1] or the construction of a building. [2] In the public sector, cost reduction programs can be used where income is reduced or to reduce debt levels. [3]