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Pentane is an organic compound with the formula C 5 H 12 —that is, an alkane with five carbon atoms. The term may refer to any of three structural isomers, or to a mixture of them: in the IUPAC nomenclature, however, pentane means exclusively the n-pentane isomer, in which case pentanes refers to a mixture of them; the other two are called isopentane (methylbutane) and neopentane ...
This isomer is sometimes called the n-isomer (n for "normal", although it is not necessarily the most common). However, the chain of carbon atoms may also be branched at one or more points. The number of possible isomers increases rapidly with the number of carbon atoms. For example, for acyclic alkanes: [3] C 1: methane only; C 2: ethane only ...
Constitution formula for isomers of C 5 H 8 with CAS numbers. The molecular formula C 5 H 8 may refer to any of the following hydrocarbons: Pentynes: 1-Pentyne; 2-Pentyne; 3-Methyl-1-butyne or isopentyne, CAS 598-23-2; Pentadienes: 1,2-Pentadiene, two cis-trans isomers, CAS 591-95-7; 1,3 Pentadiene, CAS 504-60-9 (racemic mixture)
It is one of three structural isomers with the molecular formula C 5 H 12, the others being pentane (n-pentane) and neopentane (2,2-dimethylpropane). Isopentane is commonly used in conjunction with liquid nitrogen to achieve a liquid bath temperature of −160 °C.
Halogenating a hydrocarbon produces something that is not a hydrocarbon. It is a very common and useful process. Hydrocarbons with the same molecular formula but different structural formulae are called structural isomers. [1]: 625 As given in the example of 3-methylhexane and its higher homologues, branched hydrocarbons can be chiral.
In chemistry, isomers are molecules or polyatomic ions with identical molecular formula – that is, the same number of atoms of each element – but distinct arrangements of atoms in space. [1] Isomerism refers to the existence or possibility of isomers. Isomers do not necessarily share similar chemical or physical properties.
When n is four or more, isomers are possible, distinguished by the position and conformation of the double bond. Alkenes are generally colorless non-polar compounds, somewhat similar to alkanes but more reactive. The first few members of the series are gases or liquids at room temperature.
Cis and trans isomers occur both in organic molecules and in inorganic coordination complexes. Cis and trans descriptors are not used for cases of conformational isomerism where the two geometric forms easily interconvert, such as most open-chain single-bonded structures; instead, the terms " syn " and " anti " are used.