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A rice paddy. Rice, wheat, corn and potatoes make up more than half the world's food supply. Feeding more than seven billion human bodies takes a heavy toll on the Earth's resources. This begins with the appropriation of about 38% of the Earth's land surface [23] and about 20% of its net primary productivity. [24]
Environmental barriers prevent the ability to protect and conserve the natural ecosystem. [92] Examples of these barriers include the use of pesticides and the effects of climate change. [92] Pesticides are widely used to combat pests that can devastate production and plays a significant role in keeping food prices and production costs low. [97]
Because of agriculture's importance to global social and environmental systems, the international community has committed to increasing sustainability of food production as part of Sustainable Development Goal 2: “End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture". [7]
Most standards refer to the triple bottom line of environmental quality, social equity, and economic prosperity. [2] A standard is normally developed by a broad range of stakeholders and experts in a particular sector and includes a set of practices or criteria for how a crop should be sustainably grown or a resource should be ethically harvested.
Controlled-environment agriculture (CEA) -- which includes indoor agriculture (IA) and vertical farming—is a technology-based approach toward food production. The aim of CEA is to provide protection from the outdoor elements and maintain optimal growing conditions throughout the development of the crop.
When one uses trellising net the pedunculum of the fruit of the plant will lean on the mesh, preventing that the weight of the fruits will choke the fruit like it happens often with raffia twine. Starting in the 1960s, in Europe a new rigid mesh and net product made out of polypropylene started being used.
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Soil provides raw materials for human use and impacts human health directly. The composition of human food reflects the nature of the soil in which it was grown. An example of soil as a source of raw material can be found in ancient ceramic production. The Maya ceramics showed traits inherited from soils and sediments used as raw material. [8]