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630 - Medina and Mecca "established as the holy cities of Islam." [3] 632 CE / 11 H. 8 June: Death of Muhammad. Abu Bakr appointed caliph; Rashidun Caliphate established. [3] 634 - Umar becomes caliph. 639 - Hijri year calendar devised. [citation needed] 644 - Uthman ibn Affan becomes caliph. 656 - Ali becomes caliph and moves capital from ...
100 BCE - "Yemeni tribes of Jurham rule Mecca." [1] 570 CE - Year of the Elephant and the birth of Muhammad. 605 CE - Quraish rebuild Kaaba after it was damaged in floods. [2] 613 CE - Muhammad starts preaching publicly in Mecca. [3] 622 CE / 0-1 H - Muhammad migrates from Mecca to Medina, with followers . [4]
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 14 January 2025. Expansion of the Islamic state (622–750) For later military territorial expansion of Islamic states, see Spread of Islam. Early Muslim conquests Expansion under Muhammad, 622–632 Expansion under the Rashidun Caliphate, 632–661 Expansion under the Umayyad Caliphate, 661–750 Date ...
The first Islamic State, also known as State of Medina, [4] was the first Islamic state established by Islamic prophet Muhammad in Medina in 622 under the Constitution of Medina. It represented the political unity of the Muslim Ummah (nation).
In 628, the Quraysh tribe of Mecca and the Muslims in Medina entered into a 10-year pact called the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah. However, in 630 (8 A.H.), the Treaty of Hudaybiyyah was breached as a result of the aggression of the Banu Bakr, a confederate of the Quraysh, against the Banu Khuza'ah, who had recently entered into an alliance with the ...
House of Muhammed in Medina, where he lived after the migration from Mecca. [21] Dar Al-Arqam, the first Islamic school where Muhammad taught. [22] It now lies under the extension of the Masjid Al-Haram of Mecca. [citation needed] Qubbat al-Thanaya, the burial site of Muhammed's incisor that was broken in the Battle of Uhud. [8]
In Mecca, only Muslims are allowed, while non-Muslims may not enter or pass through. Attempting to enter Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in penalties such as a fine; [52] being in Mecca as a non-Muslim can result in deportation. [56] In Medina, non-Muslims are not allowed to enter Nabawi Square, where the Al-Masjid Al-Nabawi is located.
After several failed attempts to reach for tribes outside of Mecca, he contacted the Khazraj of Medina (then Yathrib). Six of them converted to Islam. [24] [25] In Medina, they spread the word of Muhammad and Islam and in February 621, a new delegation reached Mecca, among them were two members of the community of Banu Aws. The Khazraj and Aws ...