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The New Testament describes Greek Jews as a separate community from the Jews of Judaea, and the Jews of Greece did not participate in the First Jewish-Roman War or later conflicts. The Jews of Thessaloniki, speaking a dialect of Greek, and living a Hellenized existence, were joined by a new Jewish colony in the 1st century AD.
In the Greek cities in the east of the Roman empire, tensions often arose between the Greek and Jewish populations. Writing around 90 AD, the Jewish author Josephus cited decrees by Julius Caesar, Mark Antony, Augustus and Claudius, endowing Jewish communities with a number of rights. [9]
The Romaniote Jews or the Romaniotes (Greek: Ῥωμανιῶτες, Rhōmaniôtes; Hebrew: רומניוטים, romanized: Romanyotim) are a Greek-speaking ethnic Jewish community. [2] They are one of the oldest Jewish communities in existence and the oldest Jewish community in Europe.
The history of the Jews in Alexandria dates back to the founding of the city by Alexander the Great in 332 BCE. [1] Jews in Alexandria played a crucial role in the political, economic, cultural and religious life of Hellenistic and Roman Alexandria, with Jews comprising about 35% of the city's population during the Roman era. [2] [3]
Sardis Synagogue (3rd century, Turkey) had a large community of God-fearers and Jews integrated into the Roman civic life.. God-fearers (Koinē Greek: φοβούμενοι τὸν Θεόν, phoboumenoi ton Theon) [1] or God-worshippers (Koinē Greek: θεοσεβεῖς, Theosebeis) [1] were a numerous class of Gentile sympathizers to Hellenistic Judaism that existed in the Greco-Roman world ...
A Jew in the Roman Bathhouse: Cultural Interaction in the Ancient Mediterranean is a 2023 book by American scholar of Judaic Studies and ancient history Yaron Z. Eliav. . Eliav, an award winning scholar and a filmmaker at the University of Michigan, investigates how Jews in antiquity engaged with the Roman public bathh
66–73 CE: First Jewish-Roman War, with the Judean rebellion led by Simon Bar Giora; 70 CE: Siege of Jerusalem (70) Titus, eldest son of Emperor Vespasian, ends the major portion of First Jewish–Roman War and destroys Herod's Temple on Tisha B'Av. The Roman legion Legio X Fretensis is garrisoned in the city. The Sanhedrin is relocated to Yavne.
The 2nd-century BCE Greek historian Polybius described the Jews as a nation residing around a temple called Jerusalem, [9] while Tacitus, a Roman historian from the first century CE, wrote that "Jerusalem is the capital of the Jews. In it was a temple possessing enormous reaches."