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[10] [11] Typically, depression symptoms associated with pregnancy are categorized as postnatal depression, due to the onset of symptoms occurring after childbirth has occurred. The following is a breakdown of when a group of various women began to feel the onset of symptoms associated with depression: 11.8 percent at 18 weeks; 13.5 percent at ...
Angry rumination may continue for weeks, months or more than a year. The frequency is similar to post-traumatic stress disorder, [51] and there is an association between the two complications. The effect on childcare is like that of severe depression, but the emotional state (furious anger, not sadness and despair) and treatment strategy are ...
Examples of symptoms of childbirth-related post-traumatic stress disorder include intrusive symptoms such as flashbacks and nightmares, as well as symptoms of avoidance (including amnesia for the whole or parts of the event), uncomfortable sexual intimacy, discomfort being touched, abstinence, fear of pregnancy, and avoidance of birth- and pregnancy-related issues.
Postpartum depression (PPD), also called perinatal depression, is a mood disorder which may be experienced by pregnant or postpartum individuals. [3] Symptoms include extreme sadness, low energy, anxiety, crying episodes, irritability, and changes in sleeping or eating patterns. [1] PPD can also negatively affect the newborn child. [4] [2]
Prenatal stress can increase the likelihood of maternal and endocrinological problems. Prenatal stress can even cause the embryo to arrive earlier than expected. Sandman and Davis studied "125 full- term infants at 3, 6, and 12 months of age" [8] to determine the effects of maternal cortisol timing differences on development.
Although results are sometimes mixed, the factors listed in the table below have been associated with peripartum depression. [ 12 ] [ 13 ] [ 14 ] A comprehensive meta-analysis found that the most strongly associated risk factors for postpartum depression to be stressful life events, previous history of depression, anxiety during pregnancy, low ...
The high levels of depression during the 3 to 6 months postpartum period is also similar amongst women. [12] These results could be explained by the strenuousness of 3 to 6 months newborn care. Fathers' mental health has received less attention than mothers', but in recent decades there has been an increase in attention to father's mental health.
Other symptoms frequently associated with PPP include confusion, disorganized thought, severe difficulty sleeping, variations of mood disorders (including depression, agitation, mania, or a combination of the above), as well as cognitive features such as consciousness that comes and goes (waxing and waning) or disorientation.