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The Christie M1931, known as the Combat Car, T1 in US Cavalry use and Medium Tank, Convertible, T3 in Infantry branch, was a wheel-to-track tank designed by J. Walter Christie for the United States Army using Christie's ideas of an aero-engine and the novel Christie suspension to give high mobility.
John Walter Christie (May 6, 1865 – January 11, 1944) was an American engineer and inventor. [1] He is known best for developing the Christie suspension system used for several World War II-era tank designs, most notably the Soviet BT and T-34 [3] tanks series, and the United Kingdom Covenanter and Crusader Cruiser tanks, as well as the Comet heavy cruiser tank.
The Christie suspension is a suspension system developed by American engineer J. Walter Christie for his tank designs. It allowed considerably longer movement than conventional leaf spring systems then in common use, which allowed his tanks to have considerably greater cross-country speed.
The success of the BT series, when observed by Fuller at Russian Army maneuvers influenced the British to buy a Christie M1931 tank, imported as a "Tractor", which led to Christie's suspension incorporated into British cruiser tank designs such as the A13 Cruiser Mk IV, Crusader, and others.
Christie revised the design and debuted the M.1921 a year later. The M.1921 had added suspension and the turret was removed and the guns placed within the hull instead, but it was also rejected on the grounds of being unreliable and under-powered. [1] Tests of the M.1921 continued until July 1924 [2] Going up and down 45º and 35º slopes.
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The BT tanks were "convertible tanks". This was a feature that was designed by J. Walter Christie to reduce wear of the unreliable tank tracks of the 1930s. In about thirty minutes, the crew could remove the tracks and engage a chain drive to the rearmost road wheel on each side, allowing the tank to travel at very high speeds on roads.
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