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Mars 2, Mars 3 and Mariner 9 were all launched into space in May 1971, and all entered Mars’ orbit that same year. NASA's Mariner 9 reached the planet's orbit first on November 14, narrowly beating the Soviet's spacecraft amid the space race , and subsequently became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet.
On November 27, 1971, the lander of Mars 2 crash-landed due to an on-board computer malfunction and became the first man-made object to reach the surface of Mars. On 2 December 1971, the Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft to achieve a soft landing, but its transmission was interrupted after 14.5 seconds. [47] The Mars 2 and 3 orbiters ...
Mars 2MV-4 No.1 [1] [2] also known as Sputnik 22 in the West, was a Soviet spacecraft, which was launched in 1962 as part of the Mars programme, and was intended to make a flyby of Mars, [3] and transmit images of the planet back to Earth. [4] Due to a problem with the rocket which launched it, it was destroyed in low Earth orbit. [5]
3 May 23:15 2 hours 45 minutes 4 May 02:00 Salyut 7 EO-3 Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Installed a second bypass line and replaced thermal insulation at the Main Oxidizer Line of the station. Fourth of five repair EVAs. 18 May 17:52 3 hours 5 minutes 20:57 Salyut 7 EO-3 Leonid Kizim Vladimir Solovyov Installed two new solar arrays onto the ...
Phobos 2: 12 July 1988 Mars orbiter/attempted Phobos landers (contact lost) [288] [289] Magellan: 4 May 1989 Venus orbiter [290] [291] Galileo: 18 October 1989 Venus flyby, first Asteroid flyby , first Asteroid moon discovery , first Jupiter orbiter, first Jupiter atmospheric probe [292] [293] [294] [295]
Artist's conception of a human mission on the surface of Mars. 1989 painting by Les Bossinas of NASA's Lewis Research Center. A Space Launch System design in the 2010s. This rocket is envisioned as the launch vehicle for some of the latest NASA speculative long-term plans for Mars concepts, although there are some bold private venture plans that may also provide mass-to-orbit for any mission ...
Mariner 2 (designated Mariner R-2) was launched on August 27, 1962, sending it on a 3½-month flight to Venus. The mission was a success, and Mariner 2 became the first spacecraft to have flown by another planet. On the way it measured for the first time the solar wind, a constant stream of charged particles flowing outward from the Sun.
Mariner 4 (Mariner C-3, together with Mariner 3 known as Mariner-Mars 1964) was the fourth in a series of spacecraft intended for planetary exploration in a flyby mode. It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of Mars and to transmit these observations to Earth .