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  2. Analysis of variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_variance

    Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a collection of statistical models and their associated estimation procedures (such as the "variation" among and between groups) used to analyze the differences among means. ANOVA was developed by the statistician Ronald Fisher.

  3. One-way analysis of variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-way_analysis_of_variance

    This analysis of variance technique requires a numeric response variable "Y" and a single explanatory variable "X", hence "one-way". [1] The ANOVA tests the null hypothesis, which states that samples in all groups are drawn from populations with the same mean values. To do this, two estimates are made of the population variance.

  4. p-value - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-value

    In null-hypothesis significance testing, the p-value [note 1] is the probability of obtaining test results at least as extreme as the result actually observed, under the assumption that the null hypothesis is correct. [2] [3] A very small p-value means that such an extreme observed outcome would be very unlikely under the null hypothesis.

  5. Kruskal–Wallis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kruskal–Wallis_test

    The data are in the R data set airquality, and the analysis is included in the documentation for the R function kruskal.test. Boxplots of ozone values by month are shown in the figure. The Kruskal-Wallis test finds a significant difference (p = 6.901e-06) indicating that ozone differs among the 5 months.

  6. Statistical hypothesis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_test

    The interpretation of a p-value is dependent upon stopping rule and definition of multiple comparison. The former often changes during the course of a study and the latter is unavoidably ambiguous. (i.e. "p values depend on both the (data) observed and on the other possible (data) that might have been observed but weren't"). [69]

  7. Mixed-design analysis of variance - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-design_analysis_of...

    Andy Field (2009) [1] provided an example of a mixed-design ANOVA in which he wants to investigate whether personality or attractiveness is the most important quality for individuals seeking a partner. In his example, there is a speed dating event set up in which there are two sets of what he terms "stooge dates": a set of males and a set of ...

  8. Tukey's range test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tukey's_range_test

    The value q s is the sample's test statistic. (The notation | x | means the absolute value of x; the magnitude of x with the sign set to +, regardless of the original sign of x.) This q s test statistic can then be compared to a q value for the chosen significance level α from a table of the studentized range distribution.

  9. Newman–Keuls method - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newman–Keuls_method

    The Newman–Keuls procedure cannot produce a confidence interval for each mean difference, or for multiplicity adjusted exact p-values due to its sequential nature. [citation needed] Results are somewhat difficult to interpret since it is difficult to articulate what are the null hypotheses that were tested. [citation needed]