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An epidemic (from Greek ἐπί epi "upon or above" and δῆμος demos "people") is the rapid spread of disease to a large number of hosts in a given population within a short period of time. For example, in meningococcal infections , an attack rate in excess of 15 cases per 100,000 people for two consecutive weeks is considered an epidemic.
1918–1922 Russia typhus epidemic: Typhus: 2–3 million 1–1.6% of Russian population [14] 1918–1922 Russia: 13 Cocoliztli epidemic of 1576: Cocoliztli 2–2.5 million 50% of Mexican population [12] 1576–1580 Mexico 14 1772–1773 Persian Plague: Bubonic plague 2 million – 1772–1773 Persia: 15 735–737 Japanese smallpox epidemic ...
It is used in hypothetical predictions and during actual outbreaks of disease. An at-risk population is defined as one that has no immunity to the attacking pathogen, which can be either a novel pathogen or an established pathogen. It is used to project the number of infections to expect during an epidemic. This aids in marshalling resources ...
For example, smallpox eradication, with the last wild case in 1977, and certification of the eradication of indigenous transmission of 2 of the 3 types of wild poliovirus (type 2 in 2015, after the last reported case in 1999, and type 3 in 2019, after the last reported case in 2012). [28] The herd immunity level will be denoted q.
Epidemic typhus, also known as louse-borne typhus, is a form of typhus so named because the disease often causes epidemics following wars and natural disasters where civil life is disrupted. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] Epidemic typhus is spread to people through contact with infected body lice , in contrast to endemic typhus which is usually transmitted by fleas .
Dengue fever is on the rise in Puerto Rico, and island officials have declared it an epidemic. At least 549 cases have been reported so far and more than 340 people have been hospitalized ...
Wake is among 13 counties reporting from 2 to 3.9 cases per 100,000 people. Twenty counties in the state, including Orange and Johnston , reported 0.1 to 1.9 cases per 100,000.
Incidence is usually more useful than prevalence in understanding the disease etiology: for example, if the incidence rate of a disease in a population increases, then there is a risk factor that promotes the incidence. For example, consider a disease that takes a long time to cure and was widespread in 2002 but dissipated in 2003.