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  2. Turkish people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkish_people

    Turkish people or Turks (Turkish: Türkler) are the largest Turkic people who speak various dialects of the Turkish language and form a majority in Turkey and Northern Cyprus. In addition, centuries-old ethnic Turkish communities still live across other former territories of the Ottoman Empire .

  3. White Turks - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White_Turks

    White Turks (Turkish: Beyaz Türkler) is a term used in Turkey for the urban population that embraced or directly benefited from Turkey’s modernization. They are often generalized as embracing values such as secularism , Western enlightenment, positivism and republicanism .

  4. Genetic studies on Turkish people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_studies_on_Turkish...

    Y chromosome haplogroup distribution of Turkish people [4] A 2021 study which looked at whole genomes and whole-exomes of 3,362 Turkish people found that the most common Y chromosome haplogroups were J2a, R1b, and R1a (18.4%, 14.9%, and 12.1% respectively). Haplogroups C-M130 and O3 ranged from 8.5% to 15.6%.

  5. Turkic peoples - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turkic_peoples

    In the modern Turkish language as used in the Republic of Turkey, a distinction is made between "Turks" and the "Turkic peoples" in loosely speaking: the term Türk corresponds specifically to the "Turkish-speaking" people (in this context, "Turkish-speaking" is considered the same as "Turkic-speaking"), while the term Türki refers generally ...

  6. Pre-modern conceptions of whiteness - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-modern_conceptions_of...

    [126] [127] In general in the Arab world, the term "white" was used to refer to Arabs, Persians, Greeks, Turks, Slavs, and other peoples in the north. [128] According to historian Arnold J. Toynbee, Arab rulers of the Umayyad Caliphate would sometimes refer to Persians and Turkish subjects as "the ruddy people", implying their racial ...

  7. Color terminology for race - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Color_terminology_for_race

    An assessment of racism in Trinidad notes people often being described by their skin tone, with the gradations being "HIGH RED – part White, part Black but 'clearer' than Brown-skin: HIGH BROWN – More white than Black, light skinned: DOUGLA – part Indian and part Black: LIGHT SKINNED, or CLEAR SKINNED Some Black, but more White: TRINI ...

  8. Minorities in Turkey - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minorities_in_Turkey

    Most Laz people today live in Turkey, but the Laz minority group has no official status in Turkey. The Laz are Sunni Muslims. Only a minority are bilingual in Turkish and their native Laz language which belongs to the Kartvelian group. The number of the Laz speakers is decreasing, and is now limited chiefly to the Rize and Artvin areas.

  9. Mediterranean race - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mediterranean_race

    The Mediterranean race (also Mediterranid race) is an obsolete racial classification of humans based on the now-disproven theory of biological race. [1] [2] [3] According to writers of the late 19th to mid-20th centuries it was a sub-race of the Caucasian race. [4]