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Metrosideros polymorpha is the most common native tree in the Hawaiian Islands, tolerating a wide range of soil conditions, temperature, and rainfall. It grows from sea level right up to the tree line at elevations of 2,500 m (8,200 ft) and is commonly found in moist and dry forests , high shrublands , and is a colonizer of recent lava flows. [ 8 ]
The Hawaiian tropical rainforests are a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Hawaiian Islands. They cover an area of 6,700 km 2 (2,600 sq mi) in the windward lowlands and montane regions of the islands. [1] Coastal mesic forests are found at elevations from sea level to 300 m (980 ft). [2]
Wiliwili trees grow to a height of 4.5–9 m (15–30 ft) with a gnarled and stout trunk that reaches 0.3–0.9 m (0.98–2.95 ft) in diameter. The bark is smooth, slightly fissured, and covered in gray or black spines up to 1 cm (0.39 in) in length.
Upper branches of a koa tree, showing the bark, sickle-shaped phyllodes, greenish rounded flower heads, and seedpods. Koa is a large tree, typically attaining a height of 15–25 m (49–82 ft) and a spread of 6–12 m (20–39 ft). [6]
Neltuma pallida (formerly Prosopis pallida) is a species of mesquite tree. [1] It has the common names kiawe (/ k iː ˈ ɑː v eɪ /) [2] (in Hawaii), huarango (in its native South America) and American carob, as well as "bayahonda" (a generic term for Prosopis), "algarrobo pálido" (in some parts of Ecuador and Peru), and "algarrobo blanco" (usually used for Prosopis alba).
Like most sandalwoods, Santalum haleakalae is a hemiparasite, deriving some of its nutrition from the roots of surrounding plants, and Santalum haleakalae var. lanaiense is thought to use koa as a host (among other native trees). [4] Their flowers provide nectar for native Hawaiian honeycreepers like the Maui ʻamakihi. [7]
The wet forest largely consists of native plants that are also found on other Hawaiian Islands. Notable species of endemic plants that are federally endangered and are found in the area include: Kauai geranium (nohoanu, Geranium kauaiense), a critically imperiled species whose population was estimated as a total of 140 plants in 2010
By May 2018, infected ʻōhiʻa trees were found on the island of Kauai, prompting requests that members of the public limit transportation of ʻōhiʻa products within the island. [7] The less aggressive of the two fungus species, C. huliohia, has been confirmed on Hawaii Island, Kauai, Maui, and Oahu. [4]