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The Ordnance Survey National Grid reference system (OSGB), also known as British National Grid (BNG), [1] [2] is a system of geographic grid references, distinct from latitude and longitude, whereby any location in Great Britain can be described in terms of its distance from the origin (0, 0), which lies to the west of the Isles of Scilly.
Printed maps display coordinates plotted to the datum selected by the mapmakers. In the UK (which uses OSGB36), Ireland, France and Germany, these datum will not be the coordinates used in Wikipedia thus leading to differences of over 100m. See geographic coordinate system for more information.
Given that every projection gives deformations, each country's needs are different in order to reduce these distortions. These national projections, or national Coordinate Reference Systems are officially announced by the relevant national agencies. The list below is a collection of available official national projected Coordinate Reference ...
The organisation remains fully owned by the UK government and retains many of the features of a public organisation. [ 50 ] [ 51 ] In September 2015 the history of the Ordnance Survey was the subject of a BBC Four TV documentary entitled A Very British Map: The Ordnance Survey Story .
A spatial reference system (SRS) or coordinate reference system (CRS) is a framework used to precisely measure locations on the surface of Earth as coordinates. It is thus the application of the abstract mathematics of coordinate systems and analytic geometry to geographic space.
A geographic coordinate system (GCS) is a spherical or geodetic coordinate system for measuring and communicating positions directly on Earth as latitude and longitude. [1] It is the simplest, oldest and most widely used type of the various spatial reference systems that are in use, and forms the basis for most others.
The centroid is a mathematically derived point that is in every sense the centre of a two dimensional area like a piece of land. If a straight line is drawn through a centroid in any direction there will be equal length of the line on either side of the centroid as measured from it to the boundary if the line is unbroken on either side.
The coordinate origin of WGS 84 is meant to be located at the Earth's center of mass; the uncertainty is believed to be less than 2 cm. [ 7 ] Handheld GPS receiver at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich , indicating that the Greenwich meridian is 0.089 arcminutes (or 5.34 arcseconds ) west of the WGS 84 datum (the IERS Reference Meridian )