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The Ethiopian wolf (Canis simensis), [4] also called the red jackal, the Simien jackal or Simien fox, is a canine native to the Ethiopian Highlands. In southeastern Ethiopia, it is also known as the horse jackal. It is similar to the coyote in size and build, and is distinguished by its long and narrow skull, and its red and white fur. [5]
Compared to members of the genus Canis, the black-backed jackal is a very ancient species, and has changed little since the Pleistocene, [6] being the most basal wolf-like canine, alongside the closely related side-striped jackal. [7] It is a fox-like animal [8] with a reddish brown to tan coat and a black saddle that extends from the shoulders ...
It primarily resides in wooded areas, unlike other jackal species. It is the least aggressive of the jackals, rarely preying on large mammals. [15] Central and southern Africa Golden jackal Canis aureus: Linnaeus, 1758 The largest and most widespread of the jackals, it is more closely related to wolves than to African jackal species.
The caniforms included the fox-like genus Leptocyon, whose various species existed from 24 million YBP before branching 11.9 million YBP into Vulpes (foxes) and Canini (canines). The jackal-sized Eucyon existed in North America from 10 million YBP and by the Early Pliocene about 6-5 million YBP the coyote-like Eucyon davisi [13] invaded Eurasia.
The jackal's competitors are the red fox, wolf, jungle cat, wildcat, and raccoon in the Caucasus, and the steppe wildcat in Central Asia. [74] Wolves dominate jackals, and jackals dominate foxes. [54] In 2017 in Iran, an Indian wolf under study killed a golden jackal. [87]
The culpeo is a canid intermediate in size between a red fox and a coyote. It is the second-largest native canid on the continent after the maned wolf. In appearance, it bears many similarities to the widely recognized red fox. It has grey and reddish fur, a white chin, reddish legs and a stripe on its back that may be barely visible.
The South American gray fox, Lycalopex griseus, is the most common species, and is known for its large ears and a highly marketable, russet-fringed pelt. The second-oldest known fossils belonging to the genus were discovered in Chile , and date from 2.0 to 2.5 million years ago, in the mid- to late Pliocene . [ 4 ]
It was estimated that the African wolf diverged from the wolf–coyote clade 1.0–1.7 million years ago, during the Pleistocene, and therefore its superficial similarity to the golden jackal (particularly in East Africa, where African wolves are similar in size to golden jackals) would be a case of parallel evolution.