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Feminization of poverty refers to a trend of increasing inequality in living standards between men and women due to the widening gender gap in poverty.This phenomenon largely links to how women and children are disproportionately represented within the lower socioeconomic status community in comparison to men within the same socioeconomic status. [1]
The usual pattern whereby men assign themselves more pay than women for comparable work might explain why men tend to initiate negotiations more than women. [176] In a study by psychologist Melissa Williams et al., published in 2010, study participants were given pairs of male and female first names, and asked to estimate their salaries.
Income levels vary along racial/ethnic lines: 21% of all children in the United States live in poverty, about 46% of black children and 40% of Latino children. [142] The poverty rate is 9.9% for black married couples, and only 30% of black children are born to married couples (see Marriage below).
On average, combining paid work, household chores and caring for people, women work three hours a week more than men. In fact, the average women will work 54.4 hours a week, and the average man will only work 51.4 hours per week. Despite that, even with a higher educational level, women earn, on average, less than men do.
[27]: 2 CBO found income distribution over a multi-year period "modestly" more equal than annual income, [27]: 4 confirming earlier studies. [263] According to Noah, adjusting for demographic factors such as increasing age and smaller households, indicates that income inequality is less extreme but growing faster than without the adjustment.
Women and children find themselves impacted by poverty more often when a part of single mother families. [75] The poverty rate of women has increasingly exceeded that of men's. [ 76 ] While the overall poverty rate is 12.3%, women poverty rate is 13.8% which is above the average and men are below the overall rate at 11.1%.
While wages for women have increased greatly, median earnings of male wage earners have remained stagnant since the late 1970s. [7] [8] Household income, however, has risen due to the increasing number of households with more than one income earner and women's increased presence in the labor force. [9]
Economic inequality is an umbrella term for a) income inequality or distribution of income (how the total sum of money paid to people is distributed among them), b) wealth inequality or distribution of wealth (how the total sum of wealth owned by people is distributed among the owners), and c) consumption inequality (how the total sum of money spent by people is distributed among the spenders).
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