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Snap, [6] or jounce, [2] is the fourth derivative of the position vector with respect to time, or the rate of change of the jerk with respect to time. [4] Equivalently, it is the second derivative of acceleration or the third derivative of velocity, and is defined by any of the following equivalent expressions: = ȷ = = =.
The first equation shows that, after one second, an object will have fallen a distance of 1/2 × 9.8 × 1 2 = 4.9 m. After two seconds it will have fallen 1/2 × 9.8 × 2 2 = 19.6 m; and so on. On the other hand, the penultimate equation becomes grossly inaccurate at great distances.
Equation [3] involves the average velocity v + v 0 / 2 . Intuitively, the velocity increases linearly, so the average velocity multiplied by time is the distance traveled while increasing the velocity from v 0 to v, as can be illustrated graphically by plotting velocity against time as a straight line graph. Algebraically, it follows ...
The speed attained during free fall is proportional to the elapsed time, and the distance traveled is proportional to the square of the elapsed time. [40] Importantly, the acceleration is the same for all bodies, independently of their mass. This follows from combining Newton's second law of motion with his law of universal gravitation.
Since the velocity of the object is the derivative of the position graph, the area under the line in the velocity vs. time graph is the displacement of the object. (Velocity is on the y-axis and time on the x-axis. Multiplying the velocity by the time, the time cancels out, and only displacement remains.)
From the equation for uniform linear acceleration, the distance covered = + for initial speed =, constant acceleration (acceleration due to gravity without air resistance), and time elapsed , it follows that the distance is proportional to (in symbols, ), thus the distance from the starting point are consecutive squares for integer values of time elapsed.
The average speed of an object in an interval of time is the distance travelled by the object divided by the duration of the interval; [2] the instantaneous speed is the limit of the average speed as the duration of the time interval approaches zero. Speed is the magnitude of velocity (a vector), which indicates additionally the direction of ...
This is called Abel's integral equation and allows us to compute the total time required for a particle to fall along a given curve (for which / would be easy to calculate). But Abel's mechanical problem requires the converse – given T ( y 0 ) {\displaystyle T(y_{0})\,} , we wish to find f ( y ) = d ℓ / d y {\displaystyle f(y)={d\ell }/{dy ...