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Penicillium expansum can be identified by its morphological characteristics and secondary metabolites in fruit or in axenic culture. [8] The presence of the secondary metabolite patulin can suggest P. expansum infection, but this method is not species-specific as a number of different Penicillium species and their allies produce patulin.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis poisoning in the United States has remained moderately rare among humans. The most common reports are the outcome of the misuse of medicinal home remedies, or the alkaloids are present in food and drink substances such as milk and honey when the animal carriers were exposed to the toxins.
Listeria monocytogenes is commonly found in soil, stream water, sewage, plants, and food. [5] Listeria in soil can contaminate vegetables, and animals can be carriers. It has been found in uncooked meats, uncooked vegetables, fruits including cantaloupe [ 30 ] and apples, [ 31 ] pasteurized or unpasteurized milk and milk products, and processed ...
Tetrodotoxin poisoning is becoming common in more northern and typically colder marine waters as higher precipitation and warmer waters from climate change triggers Vibrio bacteria to produce toxins. [7] Most of the marine life that produce this toxin are typically found in warm water, for example the Red Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. [24]
Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...
A 2007 study found the "transgenic proteins expressed in maize were found in two (0.96%) of 208 samples from farmers' fields, located in two (8%) of 25 sampled communities." Mexico imports a substantial amount of maize from the U.S., and due to formal and informal seed networks among rural farmers, many potential routes are available for ...
Some bacteria are responsible for the spoilage of food. When bacteria breaks down the food, acids and other waste products are generated in the process. [2] While the bacteria itself may or may not be harmful, the waste products may be unpleasant to taste or may even be harmful to one's health. [3]
A food contaminant is a harmful chemical or microorganism present in food, which can cause illness to the consumer. Contaminated food . The impact of chemical contaminants on consumer health and well-being is often apparent only after many years of processing and prolonged exposure at low levels (e.g., cancer). Unlike food-borne pathogens ...