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2. Superplasticizer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticizer

   Their addition allows to decrease the water-to-cement ratio of concrete or mortar without negatively affecting the workability of the mixture. It enables the production of self-consolidating concrete and high-performance concrete. The water–cement ratio is the main factor determining the concrete strength and its durability. Superplasticizers ...

3. Sodium silicate - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_silicate

   The additives include sugar, starch, carbons, wood flour and phenolic resins. Water glass is a useful binder for solids, such as vermiculite and perlite . When blended with the latter lightweight fraction, water glass can be used to make hard, high-temperature insulation boards used for refractories, passive fire protection , and high ...

4. Gypsum concrete - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gypsum_concrete

   US patent 4,444,925 lists the components of Gyp-Crete as atmospheric calcined gypsum, sand, water, and small amounts of various additives.Additives listed include polyvinyl alcohol, an extender such as sodium citrate or fly ash, a surfactant such as Colloid defoamer 1513 DD made by Colloids, Inc., and a fluidizer based on sodium or potassium derivatives of naphthalene sulfonate formaldehyde ...

5. Concrete sealer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concrete_sealer

   Topical sealers can provide visual enhancement as well as topical protection from stains and chemicals. They require a dry, clean surface during application to gain adhesion. Topical sealers may alter the coefficient of friction which can make substrates slick when wet – a condition that can be remedied by adding anti-skid materials.

6. Grout - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grout

   Grout sealer is a water-based or solvent-based sealant applied over dried grout that resists water, oil, and acid-based contaminants. Grout cleaner is a basic cleaning solution that is applied on grout lines and removes the dirt and dust. [9] A die grinder is used for faster removal of old grout compared to a standard grout saw.

7. Waterproofing - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterproofing

   Masonry walls are built with a damp-proof course to prevent rising damp, and the concrete in foundations needs to be damp-proofed or waterproofed with a liquid coating, basement waterproofing membrane (even under the concrete slab floor where polyethylene sheeting is commonly used), or an additive to the concrete. Within the waterproofing ...