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Not only were the hadith collections compiled centuries after the Quran, but their canonization also came much later. Scholar Jonathan A. C. Brown has studied the process of canonization of the two "most famous" collections of hadith -- sahihayn of al-Bukhari and Muslim—which went from "controversial to indispensable" over the centuries. [4]
The history of the Quran, the holy book of Islam, is the timeline ranging from the inception of the Quran during the lifetime of Muhammad (believed to have received the Quran through revelation between 610 and 632 CE [1]), to the emergence, transmission, and canonization of its written copies.
The Ma'il Quran is an 8th-century Quran (between 700 and 799 CE) originating from the Arabian peninsula. It contains two-thirds of the Qur'ān text and is one of the oldest Qur'āns in the world. It was purchased by the British Museum in 1879 from the Reverend Greville John Chester and is now kept in the British Library. [50]
^α Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim contain many of the same Hadith with different chains, and Bukhari in particular also simply repeats the same Hadith with the same chain in multiple chapters. There is disagreement on the amount of unique hadith in the collections due to the disagreements over what Hadith to include as a repeat (chain/text ...
The Nine Hadith books that are indexed in the world renowned Hadith concordance (Al-Mu’jamul Mufahras li Alfadhil Hadithin Nabawi) [1] that includes al-Sihah al-Sittah (The Authentic Six), Muwatta Imam Malik, Sunan al-Darimi, and Musnad Ahmad. Sahih al-Bukhari (9th century) Sahih Muslim (9th century) Sunan Abu Dawood (9th century)
A manuscript copy of Sahih al-Bukhari, Mamluk era, 13th century, Egypt.Adilnor Collection, Sweden. Criticism of ḥadīth [Note 1] or hadith criticism is the critique of ḥadīth—the genre of canonized Islamic literature made up of attributed reports of the words, actions, and the silent approval of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. [1]
al-Sunan, his primary hadith collection. Kitab al-du'afa wa-l-matrukin, an alphabetically ordered list of 632 hadith transmitters considered to be da'if or rejected. al-'Ilal al-warida fi al-ahadith; al-Mukhtalif wa-l mu'talif fi asma al-rijal, a list of hadith transmitters who names are similar in spelling but differ in pronunciation.
According to al-Haafiz Ibn Hajar, the book of Sunan an-Nasa'i contains the fewest da‘eef (weak) hadiths and majrooh narrators among the six books after the Saheehain (Sahih al-Bukhari & Sahih Muslim); there is not a single mawdhoo (fabricated) hadith in it. [4] It is claimed Sunan al-Sughra is "politically biased" towards Ali radiutalah anhu. [5]