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Many large pelagic fish are oceanic nomadic species that undertake long offshore migrations. They feed on small pelagic forage fish, as well as medium-sized pelagic fish. At times, they follow their schooling prey, and many species form schools themselves. Examples of larger pelagic fish are tuna, billfish, king mackerel, sharks, and large rays.
Altogether, the pelagic zone occupies 1,330 million km 3 (320 million mi 3) with a mean depth of 3.68 km (2.29 mi) and maximum depth of 11 km (6.8 mi). [2] [3] [4] Pelagic life decreases as depth increases. The pelagic zone contrasts with the benthic and demersal zones at the bottom of the sea. The benthic zone is the ecological region at the ...
Diverse pelagic and reef fish species live at the surface when young, [12] including commercially important fish species like the Atlantic cod, salmon, and billfish. Neuston can be concentrated as living islands that completely obscure the sea surface, or scattered into sparse meadows over thousands of miles.
The distinction between demersal species of fish and pelagic species is not always clear cut. The Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) is a typical demersal fish, but can also be found in the open water column, and the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus) is predominantly a pelagic species but forms large aggregations near the seabed when it spawns on banks of gravel.
These pelagic schooling fish are found in the North Pacific, from China, Korea and Japan eastward to the Gulf of Alaska and southward to sub-tropical Mexico, [2] preferring temperatures around 15–18 degrees Celsius (59–64 degrees Fahrenheit). The Pacific saury is a highly migratory species. Adults are generally found offshore, near the ...
The sight of seeing a large group fleeing from a fishing vessel has been reported as "very dramatic". It is also unique in having the smallest genitalia of any open sea dolphin. The species feeds on pelagic fish , squid and shrimp found some distance below the surface of the water (200 m/660 ft to 500 m/1,600 ft).
The pelagic cod (Melanonus gracilis) is a small deepwater fish found in the Southern Ocean. It is one of only two species currently classified in the family Melanonidae, the other being the arrowtail, Melanonus zugmayeri. The pelagic cod is found in subantarctic and temperate waters, occasionally being caught in the tropics. It may be found at ...
Cold water species were especially vulnerable to decline. [32] Tasselled anglerfish (Rhycherus filamentosus) Mesopelagic fish are adapted to a low-light environment. Many fish are black or red, because these colors appear dark due to the limited light penetration at depth. [16]