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Arterial stiffness is measured by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) or brachial–ankle PWV (baPWV). [ 7 ] cfPWV is the standard for measuring large artery stiffness in Europe. [ 7 ] For baPWV, general cutoff values for cardiovascular risk assessment are <1400 cm/s for low risk, 1400–1800 cm/s for intermediate risk, and >1800 cm/s ...
The most common cause is coronary artery disease. Heart attacks are medical emergencies that require immediate medical attention, although some heart attacks can be “silent” and go undetected ...
A diagram explaining factors affecting arterial pressure. Pathophysiology is a study which explains the function of the body as it relates to diseases and conditions. The pathophysiology of hypertension is an area which attempts to explain mechanistically the causes of hypertension, which is a chronic disease characterized by elevation of blood pressure.
The high pulse pressure in elderly people with hypertension or isolated systolic hypertension is explained by increased arterial stiffness, which typically accompanies aging and may be exacerbated by high blood pressure. [81] Many mechanisms have been proposed to account for the rise in peripheral resistance in hypertension.
stroke — risk of stroke is increased due to the higher blood pressure and arterial stiffness. ... often as a result of untreated high blood pressure or coronary artery ... (and reduced all-cause ...
In hypertensive patients, a high pulse pressure can often be an indicator of conduit artery stiffness (stiffness of the major arteries). [12] When the arterial walls are stiffer (less compliant), the heart has to beat harder to overcome the resistance from the stiff arteries, resulting in an increased pulse pressure. [13]
The theory of the velocity of the transmission of the pulse through the circulation dates back to 1808 with the work of Thomas Young. [9] The relationship between pulse wave velocity (PWV) and arterial wall stiffness can be derived from Newton's second law of motion (=) applied to a small fluid element, where the force on the element equals the product of density (the mass per unit volume ...
The arterial compliance - the amount of tension produced per stretch of arteries, decreases with age, and the stiffness of arteries increases with age. [3] The structural change in blood vessels causes the elderly to be more susceptible to hypertension, which leads to complications in arteries, the heart and even the brain. [citation needed]
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